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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-42466102258927690092013-10-13T05:01:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.677-07:00Answer: Why is she wearing that kind of hat?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #783f04; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.890625px;">Sorry about the delay--as I mentioned, I'm traveling, and it's tough being on the road, teaching, moving from point A to point B <i>and</i> finding both a decent internet connection and time to write. Especially in places where my cell provider doesn't have service. (Yes, I'm deep in the backwoods of New Hampshire...) </span></span></blockquote><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">Back our regularly scheduled program... </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7D_rXpoautkHun16EZOhkM7OojPC-iToMVaSnDnoczvRO1cTks3a4zgXkwfmrZokwEPal4sQ5kJkOx4nMwOlzALb0Rnml7h3UFipCfwWTNF55RdiGi8CRve_dc0ih7zfT2pGiMX5rYdo/s1600/Teddy-Sam-Columbia.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7D_rXpoautkHun16EZOhkM7OojPC-iToMVaSnDnoczvRO1cTks3a4zgXkwfmrZokwEPal4sQ5kJkOx4nMwOlzALb0Rnml7h3UFipCfwWTNF55RdiGi8CRve_dc0ih7zfT2pGiMX5rYdo/s320/Teddy-Sam-Columbia.png" width="291" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span></span><br /><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">Our challenge was to figure out the hat. The woman on the right in the above image is wearing a fairly peculiar kind of hat. I mentioned that I recognized that hat from a totally different context, and was curious why the artist would portray her as wearing this <i>particular</i> kind of hat.</span></span><br /><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">First, quick answers for insatiably curious. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span></span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><span style="color: #660000;"><b>1. What's the name of that style of hat? </b> </span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> <b> A: A Phyrgian cap. <span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> </span></b></span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><b>2. Who is she? </b> (Or, more precisely, what does she represent?) </span></span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><div style="color: black; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A: She is Columbia (aka Pallas Columbia), the female personification of the United States. <span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> </span></span></b></div></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><div><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span></span></b></div><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>3. Can you find another artistic portrayal of someone else wearing a hat like this? </b></span></span></blockquote><div><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"> </span>A: Yes, see below. </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First, kudos to everyone who solved this challenge. It's a fairly good problem that starts with a vaguely defined information goal, but one that's recognizably correct (when you find it). I try to set up all of our challenges that way--intrinsically interesting, but clearly correct when you solve it. (Not always, but mostly.) </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I solved this challenge (as did Fred and many others) by using "Search by Image." I dragged the image into the Image search bar and found that it appeared on many sites. I first looked at the Smithsonian site, thinking that they most likely would have a good attribution and some context for the picture. Sure enough, from the Smithsonian page I found it was called, "The Teddyssey" and it was by "Otto Cushing." The next query is obvious: </span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Teddyssey Otto Cushing ] </span></b></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Knowing that it was a book, I went to Google Books and searched for "Teddyssey," which took me to <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MskoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=teddyssey&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IHxaUpDXNc-rkQepl4HoCQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=teddyssey&f=false" target="_blank">the book</a>. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;">If you scroll through the book, you'll find it came from the Harvard library (ah, the Massachusetts connection mentioned earlier), and you'll quickly find that the woman is named "Pallas Athena," and that she's seated next to the male personification of the US, "Uncle Sam." </span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; text-align: justify;" />Now, how about that hat? How can we find that? </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A search like: </span></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Columbia hat ] </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">gives a lot of commercial, obviously incorrect results. (Turns out that Columbia is a sportswear brand name.) Now what? </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Well, I knew that Columbia was personifying the United States, so I tried that as a query to find out more--who is she? What's the background story? (I need to know a bit more to focus my next query.) </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Columbia personification ] </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The first result here was for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(name)" target="_blank">Columbia (name)</a> entry on Wikipedia, which not only told me that the name "Columbia" is a recent word coinage (combining a stem <b>Columb-</b> based on the surname of the explorer Christopher Columbus combined with the ending -ia, common in Latin names of countries (e.g. Britannia "Britain", Gallia "Gaul").</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">BUT on that same page, there's a picture with a caption saying "Personified Columbia in American flag gown and Phrygian cap." If you do the obvious checks, you'll find that Phrygian caps come from (surprise!) the Phrygian region of Turkey, and have been worn since antiquity. It's a little unclear HOW they came to signify freedom and liberty, but by the time of the Roman empire, they came to be worn by freed slaves, and the association was made. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's then been worn by revolutionaries throughout time and around the world. Popular in the French Revolution, it was adopted by the US as a symbol of freedom and liberty. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Finding other artistic representations of the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Phrygian</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> cap is easy. Just search for it in Images: </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Phrygian cap artwork ] </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here're a few images I grabbed (from Wikipedia's commons area). </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVdbcIe5peJryOnXl8k8CSAi1HR4bfmtx7o7FXEWygFlHFgVkCeK-y3ngZ2rhDqzcn18JaMpZp-MkxVbO-or2bXsTQ7i2bA0-kJ7WrvV07Mg0VmIwubUP8ZB2XR2d8-A0oLZvno6KECok/s1600/caps-in-art.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVdbcIe5peJryOnXl8k8CSAi1HR4bfmtx7o7FXEWygFlHFgVkCeK-y3ngZ2rhDqzcn18JaMpZp-MkxVbO-or2bXsTQ7i2bA0-kJ7WrvV07Mg0VmIwubUP8ZB2XR2d8-A0oLZvno6KECok/s640/caps-in-art.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Phrygian Caps: US, Attic Greece, French Revolution, US Department of the Army</i></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And the Seal of the US Senate, the herald of Haiti, etc etc. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now you know. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-60336261634499339362013-10-09T04:15:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.690-07:00Wednesday search challenge (10/9/13): Why is she wearing THAT kind of hat? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5bYO2V57Wttk9d9M_gJGNwb_Pvj11ZEsjpQaGLwdfpyCtocAiu1JtMpt7hPGh1X11E2hNmZr4jeFiA6_zz2fgExTHcRjd4LGCkJ6axbjpNme_Ih8oIfVVrWhFbLrU7Xmz3n_LOTPAQ8A/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-10-09+at+4.05.34+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5bYO2V57Wttk9d9M_gJGNwb_Pvj11ZEsjpQaGLwdfpyCtocAiu1JtMpt7hPGh1X11E2hNmZr4jeFiA6_zz2fgExTHcRjd4LGCkJ6axbjpNme_Ih8oIfVVrWhFbLrU7Xmz3n_LOTPAQ8A/s320/Screen+Shot+2013-10-09+at+4.05.34+AM.png" width="291" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />I'm still traveling, and so this week's challenge is indirectly related to my travels in Massachusetts. (I leave it to you to figure <i>that</i> connection out...) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But in my travels over the past couple of days, I saw this image and realized an interesting and odd thing: The woman on the right in the above image is wearing a fairly peculiar kind of hat. I recognized that hat from a totally different context, and was curious why the artist would portray her as wearing this <i>particular</i> kind of hat.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The answer is pretty interesting, and once you figure it out, you'll start seeing this kind of hat used EVERYWHERE... and maybe you'll start wondering what other common things we see everyday that are rich with meaning. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><span style="color: #660000;"><b>1. What's the name of that style of hat? </b> </span></span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><b>2. Who is she? </b> (Or, more precisely, what does she represent?) </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><b>3. Can you find another artistic portrayal of someone else wearing a hat like this? </b></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Be sure to tell us your search path--I'll be curious to see (a) how many people recognize this hat without searching for it, and (b) what path you follow to answer the challenges.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span><br /><br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-77435994035881361102013-10-03T20:04:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.700-07:00Answer: What's the name of that song? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>I'm running kind of late today..</i>. spent all day on the plane to Detroit. Giving two talks tomorrow, Oct 4, in Ann Arbor, MI. Talk at 10AM: "<a href="http://www.blogger.com/"><span id="goog_1482904682"></span>Mindtools: What does it mean to be literate in the Age of Google?<span id="goog_1482904683"></span></a>" (<a href="https://www.si.umich.edu/events/201310/misc-talk-daniel-m-russell" target="_blank">details</a>) and another at 12 noon "<a href="http://www.crlt.umich.edu/node/57777" target="_blank">The PowerSearchingWithGoogle.com story: Teaching 150K+ students</a>." (<a href="http://www.crlt.umich.edu/node/57777" target="_blank">details</a>) If you're in Ann Arbor, Michigan tomorrow, come on by! </span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Q1: What's the name of the song with this line...? </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">When searching for the lyrics fragment I gave, if you do the obvious search for</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ “the invisible power of the hidden hand of fate” ]</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">will get you… Nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One thing to realize about quoted phrases like this is that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the longer they are, the more likely they are to have errors.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In particular, since I’d only HEARD the lyrics (and then wrote them down a little later), the chance of having an error in the remembered line is pretty high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So when this query didn’t get me much of anything useful, I started trimming to see if I could use a fragment of the lyric I'd heard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My next query was: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ “the invisible power of the hidden hand” ] </span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">and as everyone found, that is clearly a line from Johnny Clegg’s song “<i>Asilazi</i>” from the album, “Human.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> (Although I note that an earlier version appeared on the album “One Life.)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://perlbal.hi-pi.com/blog-images/70317/gd/128799670846/HUMAN-Nouvel-Album-de-Johnny-Clegg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="285" src="http://perlbal.hi-pi.com/blog-images/70317/gd/128799670846/HUMAN-Nouvel-Album-de-Johnny-Clegg.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Album cover artwork for "Human"</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Q2 –</b> <b>What language is it? And what does the non-English lyric mean? </b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I found the lyrics translated on the JohnnyClegg.com website.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To see if I could find a better translation, I did a search for: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Asilazi lyrics translate ] </span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">to find… <a href="http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Johnny-Clegg-Asilazi-lyrics.html">http://lyricstranslate.com/en/Johnny-Clegg-Asilazi-lyrics.html</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-- which tells you it’s in Zulu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The translation (quoted here): </span></span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">(Choir)<br />Asilazi, asilazi thina ilanga lethu lizofika nini<br />Silindile ngenhliziyo, yonke kodwa senzeni na?<br />Asilazi, asilazi thina ilanga lethu lizofika nini<br />Silindile ngenhliziyo, yonke kodwa senzeni na? </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">in Zulu language:<br />2x<br />(We don't know when our day of freedom will come)<br />(We have been, waiting for it with all our hearts,)<br />(What have we done to deserve this?)</span></blockquote><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Unfortunately, Google Translate (which will also do language identification of a random bit of text droped into the translate box) doesn’t work to identify this language as ZULU.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That works for many indo-European languages, but not a major language like Zulu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> And when it fails to identify a language, it really fails. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Q3 – Is this band is playing nearby? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Johnny Clegg band California 2014 ] </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">– to find on the SeatGeek website that they’re playing in Berkeley…<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AND Saratoga, both near my house. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why did I search for California (rather than Bay Area)?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To cast a wide—but not too wide—net as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From what I know about bands, I know they’ll tour in an area for a bit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So searching through all of the hits in California (in the year 2014) is a good strategy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s quick to filter out any hits that are far from the Bay Area.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(And yes, we now have tickets to see them perform in Saratoga…)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Search lessons:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Long double-quoted queries have to be pretty accurate to be useful. </i>When you use double-quote, you’re telling Google “this is what I really want!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So be sure it’s right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. <i>E</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i>xplore other possibilities</i>: </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Since long lyrics can be misheard (see previous posting on modegreens) and/or mistranscribed, you have to explore other possibilities.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Here, the switch between “fate” and “hate” is pretty easy to do, so it’s an understandable error.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The good news is that the structure of English makes it relatively simple to find what you want with only 4 or 5 words in a row.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">If you’ve got 5 (correct) words in a row, it’s usually pretty distinctive.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. <i> Limit your search to a well-defined area. </i>When searching for an event, it’s often useful to search for events within a well-known (and clearly delineated) area, especially when the number of hits will be relatively small. <o:p></o:p></span></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>403</o:Words> <o:Characters>2303</o:Characters> <o:Company>Google</o:Company> <o:Lines>19</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>5</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>2701</o:CharactersWithSpaces> 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mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Cambria;} </style><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <!--EndFragment--><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span></o:p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/2QKZcw05Ug8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-70110247380782706992013-10-02T06:12:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.718-07:00Wednesday search challenge (October 2, 2013): What's the name of that song?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>[ Note: The search challenge I had planned for today has been sidetracked by the government shutdown. While you wouldn't think that web server data sets would require human attention, it seems they do. In any case, I have to postpone our <b>planned</b> Challenge and we'll do the one I'd planned for next week... ] </i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg5ebvlJgdy_En1Og1iHXjNTKth5ivutxshXYncFcmzNQ5Ipt9ew8DzguyyBfzOw3Y0CIpY9J_MlaQaJTV6l640EP0fJBmPyd3BhAxq45hpEuibOR1Ar5x3LTboW3BULW4yGRj-qIeUjo/s1600/101.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg5ebvlJgdy_En1Og1iHXjNTKth5ivutxshXYncFcmzNQ5Ipt9ew8DzguyyBfzOw3Y0CIpY9J_MlaQaJTV6l640EP0fJBmPyd3BhAxq45hpEuibOR1Ar5x3LTboW3BULW4yGRj-qIeUjo/s640/101.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">While driving on Highway 101 in San Francisco on a beautiful blue day, I turned the radio on and heard a fantastic song that I wanted to get.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Love it. Now, get it. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">The p</span>roblem: I was driving alone, so I couldn’t use anything like Shazam or Soudhound to recognize it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even worse, by the time I exited the freeway, the song was done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now what? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">All I remembered of the song was the lyric: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> <i>“...the invisible power of the hidden hand of fate.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Even more puzzlingly, part of the song was in a language I don’t understand. It wasn’t Spanish, German, French, Italian, or any of the “obvious” languages. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Can you help me figure this out?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (This really is enough information for you to do a search for it.) </span>In particular…. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: bold;">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What’s the name of the song?</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #990000;"><o:p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>2.</b><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><b>What language are they singing in? </b>(And what does the lyric mean?) </span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #990000;"><o:p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-weight: bold;">3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’d really like to see this band perform.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will they play somewhere near me sometime in 2014?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If so, where?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (For this purpose, any venue in the San Francisco bay area will do.) </span></span><o:p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></o:p></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Tell us HOW you found the song! 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/></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-43249138628187672622013-10-01T07:07:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.735-07:00Etruscan or not? Content changes -- we have to update what we know and what we teach... <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I'm annoyed. And while I don't usually post this kind of annoyance to the blogosphere, this one touches on the nature of knowledge and search. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My daughter is taking sophomore Art History in high school. That's wonderful! I always enjoyed Art History, enjoying the sweep of styles, time, artistic technology, aesthetics, conceptions of beauty... everything. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So it was with more than some interest that we reviewed her homework studies of Etruscan art. (You remember: The predecessors to the Romans, who lived in central Italy between the 9th and 2cnd centuries BCE.) I throughly enjoy Roman, pre-Roman, post-Roman art. We saw the usual suspects--funerary sarcophagi, temples, frescoes, and metal statues. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And that's where it got suddenly dicey. Her textbook holds up the Capitoline Wolf as a prime example of Etruscan metalworking. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/She-wolf_suckles_Romulus_and_Remus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/She-wolf_suckles_Romulus_and_Remus.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thing is, the provenance of this sculpture has been up for debate for a long time (since at least 2005). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's now widely believed to have been made in the 1200s, long after the Etruscans were dust in their tombs. [<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7499469.stm" target="_blank">BBC News.</a> <a href="http://www.repubblica.it/2006/11/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/lupa-scultura-roma/lupa-scultura-roma/lupa-scultura-roma.html" target="_blank">La Repubblica</a>. <a href="http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/she-wolf-rome-icon-120625.htm" target="_blank">Discovery</a>. <a href="http://www.annsa.it/web/notizie/photostory/curiosita/2011/11/21/visualizza_new.html_15831061.html?idPhoto=1" target="_blank">Spiegel (in Italian).</a> ]</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My daughter has a test today in Art History: <i>What answer should she give when asked about the origin of the Capitoline Wolf? Etruscan or not? </i></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Should she write a mini-essay in the margin of the test explaining that the metallurgy is all wrong, and indeed, the style is more Carolingian than Etruscan, and besides, we <i>know</i> the twins were added in 1471. So the symbolism is a funny composite of messages. And as a symbol of Rome, it's a much later work than the city itself. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;">"The new thesis is that it is a medieval copy of an original Etruscan work," Rome's municipality supervisor for culture, Umberto Broccoli, said. </span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;">He remarked that the Etruscan attribution was first made by 18th-century German art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann on the basis of how the wolf's fur was represented.</span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Perhaps more importantly from our point of view: How often are textbooks updated? How often are their facts checked? </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In a world where basic notions about truth and ascription change rapidly, shouldn't we be doing a better job than reproducing incorrect assertions? If Pluto could be demoted from major planet to dwarf planet, maybe we could fix a few other errors in other topics as well. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Or at least admit a wider range of responses than is admitted by "When was the Capitoline Wolf sculpted?" </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">------ </span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>See also: </b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lombardi, G. (2002). "A petrographic study of the casting core of the Lupa Capitolina". Archaeometry 44 (4). (X-ray diffractometry, thermal analyses, chemistry and thin sections identify the casting site as being in the lower Tiber valley.)</span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-16323306891861318382013-09-27T07:27:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.749-07:00Parrotfish and sand production (part 2) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9wjZi8K5UmHrl_ZTOv3bEojLo5EQUv9SAkTVDZQd1gG5eyfMTIqyolRXSvusKRG0Dcny0x-Zv1_IxPIHvb03q6cIv-IsRMV0nXmoMaMhg7Nlk9g0qd5NoXDwpQt6S-8nhs7mAO8FGnn8/s1600/Stoplight+parrotfish+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9wjZi8K5UmHrl_ZTOv3bEojLo5EQUv9SAkTVDZQd1gG5eyfMTIqyolRXSvusKRG0Dcny0x-Zv1_IxPIHvb03q6cIv-IsRMV0nXmoMaMhg7Nlk9g0qd5NoXDwpQt6S-8nhs7mAO8FGnn8/s640/Stoplight+parrotfish+1.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stoplight Parrotfish (<i>Sparisoma virde</i>)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The sight is common on the reef: a parrotfish swims by and a thin stream of coral dust and sand particles is ejected from underneath. Coral sand is made here in the belly of the beast. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPNb4MGEE6MqrzUDfZaZkhBgPMHKQjT049QEIDCqzr4zKrgQSryWW3JL536Yrm5EFOl5W9uaQxr_DhiMvznQE1VzIiy6E6E7aMfSlaicMt7q5od3Q0xyyQuUQOhb0Ixuvl7TmpnAOlsxM/s1600/biting-the-coral.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPNb4MGEE6MqrzUDfZaZkhBgPMHKQjT049QEIDCqzr4zKrgQSryWW3JL536Yrm5EFOl5W9uaQxr_DhiMvznQE1VzIiy6E6E7aMfSlaicMt7q5od3Q0xyyQuUQOhb0Ixuvl7TmpnAOlsxM/s640/biting-the-coral.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here’s a picture I took last week in Bonaire. You can see the stream of sand coming from below. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(BTW - do you know how hard it was to get this shot? I took a LOT of photos, trying to capture this magical moment.) </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5j1v59_Ry5Nk5uG0vQcxD7ClOFPsuku-gg0HQe6_yvgqsC5cf-2Gk5VhgZU69ZGn2ua9b40P5Km6mWOxhZy0dYfxINBIg1bxwKqyyAAkiBP-hfLzvtGAVxDlftTKn7mkBV_5Z7mv6MzQ/s1600/fish+poop1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5j1v59_Ry5Nk5uG0vQcxD7ClOFPsuku-gg0HQe6_yvgqsC5cf-2Gk5VhgZU69ZGn2ua9b40P5Km6mWOxhZy0dYfxINBIg1bxwKqyyAAkiBP-hfLzvtGAVxDlftTKn7mkBV_5Z7mv6MzQ/s320/fish+poop1.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Parrotfish caught in the act of creating more sand.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Our question is simple:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How much sand is created by an average parrotfish in the course of a year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One set of sources says it’s 200 pounds, another says it’s 2000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of those can’t be right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This kind of discrepancy comes up all the time, and it’s the reason you don’t want to single-source anything, even simple facts like this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(In <a href="http://searchresearch1.blogspot.com/2011/08/agoogleaday-inspired-research.html" target="_blank">an earlier SearchResearch episode wefound widely varying numbers for how far a specific bird flies</a>.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So where do these numbers come from? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">200 pounds / fish / year?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>The source for most searcher’s “200 pounds” claim seems to be from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrotfish" target="_blank">Wikipedia article on Parrotfish</a> which points to the article by Thurman (see below for reference list).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The Wikipedia entry looks like this: </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlm_qnbY7IaEeQIvW9WJfHJ83FzlAJ3GxkVrW1JNd16dLspCD_YgTdeViIiGeo_eXo6gnE415aX_d9YVtcB4Ip1ZFAMiWkf0grpYJAgjt7D5Ri2UaTuU8gTvzAU-7Ye-2ZQ4ztWdWhMw0/s1600/Wikipedia-example.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlm_qnbY7IaEeQIvW9WJfHJ83FzlAJ3GxkVrW1JNd16dLspCD_YgTdeViIiGeo_eXo6gnE415aX_d9YVtcB4Ip1ZFAMiWkf0grpYJAgjt7D5Ri2UaTuU8gTvzAU-7Ye-2ZQ4ztWdWhMw0/s1600/Wikipedia-example.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">Unfortunately</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">, the link to the Thurman article specified in Wikipedia is dead (it was last checked in 2009) and the target site no longer supports this reference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I spent some time searching for this chapter, and while I can find lots of references to it, I can’t find the book chapter itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Even worse, many of the references to this chapter I found are clearly copies of the citation and link from Wikipedia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Even at such well-respected sites as the Encyclopedia of Life whose parrotfish page-- <a href="http://eol.org/pages/5214/details">http://eol.org/pages/5214/details</a>—would be considered authoritative—merely quote the Thurman reference and give the same link to a dead page.) Sigh. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So went to my local library’s website and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inter-library loaned</i> the darn thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Amazingly enough, I got the book after only 3 days!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there, on page 310 is the assertion:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“By eating coral (and corraline red algae) a single parrot fish may produce up to 90 kg <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(190 lbs) of sand per year.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Case closed?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, THEY don’t give any reference for that bit of data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where did THEY get that information from??<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>2,000 pounds / fish / year? </b>The other data SearchResearchers found was the "1 ton / year" number. The source for most searchers’ “2,000 pounds” seems to originate from the Ichthyology department’s page about parrotfish at the Florida Museum of Natural History (FMNH). <a href="http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Sparrotfish/SParrotfish.html">http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Sparrotfish/SParrotfish.html</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>On that page they say “Parrotfish may produce as much as one ton of coral sand per acre of reef each year.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">But read that carefully:</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This means “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">all of the parrotfish on the reef in 1 acre</b>” are producing around 2,000 pounds of sand over the entire acre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s the contribution by all of the parrotfish working (so to speak) together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sadly, they don’t give a reference for their source material either.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when I search for the exact phrase as seen on the FMNH site, <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [“Parrotfish may produce as much as one ton of coral sand per acre of reef each year”]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">it’s clear that all of the references are using the FMNH page as their source.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Typically, much of the text in the article is quoted directly, including that phrase. This kind of not-thought-out copying always makes me suspicious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">However, by being diligent and following various sources, I also found the 2,000 pound reference as coming from the book “Fishes of the Bahamas” by (Bšhlke & Chaplin, 1993). The citations would look like this: </span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bšhlke, J.E., and C.G. Chaplin 1993. Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. University of Texas Press, Austin, 464-482.</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span></o:p></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So I go to Google Books and find…<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this citation is slightly wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first author’s surname is Böhlke, not Bšhlke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Some character encoding failed and people weren't careful about their cites.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And, once again, this book falls into the “scanned on Google Books, but snippet-view only” (which doesn’t help).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not scanned on Amazon.com or any of the other sources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So… <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">… back to the library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I ordered this book and got it along with the Thurman book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thing is, “Fishes of the Bahamas” is a giant tome:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>771 pages of fish data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not much plot, but still pretty interesting to read (if you’re a diver).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this book I found the sentence:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“On a Bermuda study reef it was recently estimated that one ton per acre per year of this material [“calcareous material,” i.e., coral sand] passes through the intestinal tracts of reef fishes and is redeposited as fine sand, and that the scarids [ parrotfish ] are primarily responsible.” [pg 465] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And the reference given here is…<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(finally, a real reference!)</span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bardach, John E. "Transport of calcareous fragments by reef fishes." <i>Science </i>133.3446 (1961): 98-99.</span></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By going to Google Scholar and searching for that author + title I was able to get to the original article: <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/133/3446/98.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/133/3446/98.short</a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now we’re getting somewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In that paper (published originally in the well-respected journal, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Science</i>) the author writes:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“<b> </b><i>It was found that browsing omnivorous reef fishes which rely, in part, on a plant diet ingested and redeposited at least 2300 kg of such material on a 1-hectare study reef near Bermuda.</i>”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s do some Google conversions to check this number.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Conversion:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ 2000 pounds per acre in kg per ha ] </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">means <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2241.7 kg per ha (a hectare is 10,000 square meters) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Converson: </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ 2300 kg per ha in pounds per acre ] </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">means<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2052.0 lbs per acre (an acre is pretty close to 1 football field). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I wanted to get the full text of the paper, but that’s $20 for a “short-term use” (1-day) license.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As you can imagine, I’m not about to pay for that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But we still don’t know how much sand/fish/year that represents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> To figure this out we need to know </span><b>How many parrotfish live in on an acre of reef?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Hoping to figure out this sub-puzzle, I started doing searches like this, using the scientific name of the Stoplight parrotfish:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ["Sparisoma viride" sand OR sediment production ] </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is reasonably productive (esp. when done in Google Scholar) and leads to several papers on the topic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most cited paper is:</span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bruggemann, J. H., et al. "Bioerosion and sediment ingestion by the Caribbean parrotfish Scarus vetula and Sparisoma viride: implications of fish size, feeding mode and habitat use." Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf 134.1 (1996): 59-71.</span></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I got a PDF of the paper by doing this search: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>[ filetype:pdf “Bioerosion and sediment ingestion by the Caribbean parrotfish Scarus vetula and Sparisoma viride" ]</b><br /> <o:p> </o:p></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">That led me to the <a href="http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/134/m134p059.pdf" target="_blank">PDF file</a>, which I printed out and carefully read.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is when I realized that this is a much more complex problem than just looking up the number of parrotfish / square meter on the reef.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By reading this (and a few other papers) I learned that the density of parrotfish on the reef varies hugely by depth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Shallow water has a lot; water deeper than 50 feet has fewer.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also sleep at night, and feed only between 7AM and 6PM (and, btw, they mate daily, between 7AM and 9AM… but I digress).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also found out that the quantity of coral ingested when they bite varies a good deal by the size of the fish, but it varies even MORE depending on the kind of parrotfish. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Among other things, we HAVE to be careful not to mix up our parrotfish species (e.g, Hawaiian parrotfish with Caribbean parrotfish, or even parrotfish that live side-by-side in the waters of Bonaire—as the paper points out “…the erosion rates per bite by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparisoma viride</i> is more than an order of magnitude higher than in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scarius vetula.” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is, the Stoplight parrotfish (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparisoma viride</i>) has a bite size that’s ten times larger than that of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scarius vetula </i>(Queen parrotfish).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But we’re getting somewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you read this paper carefully, you’ll eventually find Figure 5 “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scarus vetula</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparisoma viride</i> Erosion rates per bite (upper graphs) and per day (lower graphs) as a function of fish size.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh31ncZMI82BYgRdmvtFppDvs8ewc-CJkCipASdpvsBjKbw55FCX94xd0nnHf1eU_lUK183O7l08t5mWx92TWsqS37-DFCOxNLJZlKfF8igi9zLgXmDNXDXjkAeVwTPnJuvvubS4CkPePs/s1600/erosion-rates.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh31ncZMI82BYgRdmvtFppDvs8ewc-CJkCipASdpvsBjKbw55FCX94xd0nnHf1eU_lUK183O7l08t5mWx92TWsqS37-DFCOxNLJZlKfF8igi9zLgXmDNXDXjkAeVwTPnJuvvubS4CkPePs/s320/erosion-rates.png" width="315" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 5 from Bruggemann, et al. (Yellow highlighting mine)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you look at the graph in the lower right corner, that’s a chart of “mean daily erosion rate (g ind <sup>-1</sup> d <sup>-1</sup>)” – that is, “grams per individual fish per day.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the “grams / day” vary greatly by fish size, the average is right around 300 grams / fish / day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Basic math shows us: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">300 grams * 365 days = 109,500 grams / year <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Or, 109.5 kg / year (204 pounds), which is close enough (given all of our averaging) to our earlier estimate of 95 kg / year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(And, incidentally, nothing close to 2,000 pounds / fish / year.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If this is correct, then to get 2000 lbs of sand contributed per acre by all of the parrotfish, we’re going to need around 10 Stoplight parrotfish / acre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By my direct observation on the reefs of Bonaire, that seems low, but let’s see if we can’t find some numbers in the literature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another paper I found from my previous query is <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Choat, J. Howard, et al. "An age-based demographic analysis of the Caribbean stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride." Marine Ecology Progress Series 246 (2003): 265-277.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">> http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/6807/1/6807_Choat_et_al_2003.pdf<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He “conservatively estimates” 4 individuals / 300 square meter plot. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> [ 1 acre in square meters ] </b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">is 4046.86 square meters in an acre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we divide 4046.86 / 300, we should get an estimate of the number of Stoplight parrotfish / acre (according to Choat).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This number is 13.5, a little higher than we estimated before, but not a crazy number.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">Search Lessons:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, this one took me a long time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m guessing I spent about 10 hours researching this, and I learned a huge amount along the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Not just about the sex life of parrotfishes, but also about why it’s so difficult to estimate the total number of fish on the reef.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But I figured out that 1 Stoplight parrotfish generates around 0.6 pounds of sand / day (on average, mid-depth of the reef).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I did this by going back to the original papers (using Scholar and Google Books) to dig out the charts and original data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In some cases, it’s hard to get to the original source document.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As you saw, I had to use my local library to get to the original paper by Thurman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But once I had it, the rest of the story unfolded easily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Although slowly—I had to look up a lot of words.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acanthurids</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">scarids</i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fork length</i> were all new terms for me).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is a nice example of sensemaking: Pulling together information from multiple resources and cross-checking them against each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In truth, I read much more than I’ve reported on here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I didn’t want to tell you that I actually read about 10 papers, some of which were duds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They seemed good from the abstract, but the reality was that the paper encoded the data in an unhelpful way or that it was about parrotfish on some other continent, or the wrong kind of fish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />AND... a beautiful 2 minute video of parrotfish feeding from the "Blue Planet" BBC series (discovered by regular reader Ramón... thanks!). Note the part at 56 seconds in--a lovely shot of sand being delivered to the reef. <br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/8T-gnZevlaY?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">____________________________<br /><b>Reference List</b></div><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText2"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Bruggerman JH, van Kessel AM, van Rooij JM, Breeman AM (1996) Bioerosion and <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">sediment ingestion by the Caribbean parrotfish <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scarus vetula</i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparisoma viridae</i>: implications of fish size, feeding mode and habitat use. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 134:59-71.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/134/m134p059.pdf">http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/134/m134p059.pdf</a></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Choat, J. Howard, et al. "An age-based demographic analysis of the Caribbean stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride." Marine Ecology Progress Series 246 (2003): 265-277.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/6807/1/6807_Choat_et_al_2003.pdf">http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/6807/1/6807_Choat_et_al_2003.pdf</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Gygi RA (1975) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparisoma viridae</i>(Bonnaterre), the stoplight parrotfish, a major <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">sediment producer on coral reefs of Bermuda. Ecol Geol Helv 68:327-359<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thurman, H.V; Webber, H.H. (1984). "Chapter 12, Benthos on the Continental Shelf". Marine Biology. Charles E. Merrill Publishing. pp. 303–313. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.geology.iupui.edu/academics/CLASSES/G130/reefs/MB.htm">http://www.geology.iupui.edu/academics/CLASSES/G130/reefs/MB.htm</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222;">van Rooij, Jules M., et al. "<a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdissertations.ub.rug.nl%2FFILES%2Ffaculties%2Fscience%2F1996%2Fj.m.van.rooij%2F03_c3.pdf&ei=NH9FUtmjMsGt2QWg3oH4DQ&usg=AFQjCNG9_j6JDRwzCsXpFZWQkACC0Inl0A&sig2=Q2HSScZOeiQWJ6L8ie3sxw&bvm=bv.53217764,d.b2I" target="_blank">Resource and habitat sharing by the stoplightparrotfish, Sparisoma viride, a Caribbean reef herbivore</a>." <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes</i> 47.1 (1996): 81-91.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">_______________________ </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>For comparison purposes of parrotfish feeding and sediment production on the Great Barrier Reef: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoBodyText2"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Bellwood D.R. (1995a) Direct estimate of bioerosion by two parrotfish species, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chlorurus gibbus</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C. sordidus</i>, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Biol 121:419-429<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText2"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Bellwood D.R. (1995b) Carbonate transport and within reef patterns of bioerosion and <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">sediment release in parrotfishes (family Scaridae) on the Great Barrier Reef. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 117:127-136.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText2"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Bellwood D.R. 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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <!--EndFragment--><br /><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Scaridae) on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Biol 125:795-800.</span><o:p></o:p></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-85774320737545652032013-09-26T07:20:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.774-07:00Answer: What IS that thing? Another undersea mystery.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yesterday's challenge wasn't all that hard. There were a number of good clues here. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I'd said "<i>In around 30 feet of water (10 m), I found several instances of this... "</i> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">General world knowledge tells you that this is something in a tropical reef, and it occurs not too deeply. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I also gave you a few clue words: "spheres" and calling them "pearly." I wanted to say that because the opalescence doesn't <i>quite</i> come across in the photos. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4eLcFk1u99hQLCKwcbDrVXICDZFt1jHVJjjrUwTlJ5KCPUmXL4H1CuciTtpZSEBa19ZZQBsylGLkijKK_ySa0ldfGd7Ti3cy8xq0SBx_4XKyVYeg7MOOyYgKThtMFI5J4eGkNp2rMs1M/s1600/mystery-sphere.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #336699; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4eLcFk1u99hQLCKwcbDrVXICDZFt1jHVJjjrUwTlJ5KCPUmXL4H1CuciTtpZSEBa19ZZQBsylGLkijKK_ySa0ldfGd7Ti3cy8xq0SBx_4XKyVYeg7MOOyYgKThtMFI5J4eGkNp2rMs1M/s640/mystery-sphere.png" style="border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 4px;" width="640" /></span></a></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I started this search, I really didn't have any clue what they were. I figured they were some kind of algae, but that was a pure guess. The ocean has all KINDS of mysterious creatures in it, ones that defy your normal terrestrial boundaries. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">So I started this search as several others did. I used "plant" rather than "algae" since I really wasn't very sure: </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> [ spherical reef plant ] </b></span></div><div style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 16.890625px;">And that was enough to get me to a page on "<a href="http://inchinapinch.com/hab_pgs/marine/coral_%20reef/plants.htm" target="_blank">Coral reef plants</a>" which mentions "...</span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Grape algae (<i>Valonia ventricosa</i>) - this odd algae grows in a spherical form with peg-like attachments that fasten it to a hard surface..." </span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this case, it was the text, rather than the image that caught my attention. I'd described it as "spherical" because it (and the pearly quality) were the most striking characteristics. I figured that anyone writing about it would comment on that. </span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">So I next looked up the scientific name, <i>Valonia ventricosa</i>, and I knew I had the answer. The Knowledge Panel (see below) had an image that was striking. </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEtAUpfXPRiZIlBVYvmBlMBNq2_Yos0CW-SJRzhzTYuY7ggdbfEngkASan8Zf9rqTalmfYDw0bG4a3UCegZIEuBnVlpOG-lodR7nbN4qNnDQTULjchmBVOL4ydhyphenhyphenBJZQbtrBJqB8GUZmE/s1600/Bubble-algae.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEtAUpfXPRiZIlBVYvmBlMBNq2_Yos0CW-SJRzhzTYuY7ggdbfEngkASan8Zf9rqTalmfYDw0bG4a3UCegZIEuBnVlpOG-lodR7nbN4qNnDQTULjchmBVOL4ydhyphenhyphenBJZQbtrBJqB8GUZmE/s320/Bubble-algae.png" width="320" /></a></div><div style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Valonia ventricosa</i>, also known as "bubble algae" and "sailors’ eyeballs" (a remarkably vivid common name) is a species of oceanic algae around the world in tropical and subtropical regions. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Even more amazing: These things are single cells, one of (perhaps THE) largest single cell organism around. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Clicking on the Wikipedia entry, I read a bit about them, and then, as I often do, I clicked through the links on the article. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The first link was broken. It was a link to: </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">h<a href="ttp://www.allatsea.net/article/October_2008/Gazing_Balls_in_the_Sea">ttp://www.allatsea.net/article/October_2008/Gazing_Balls_in_the_Sea</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I thought this might be an interesting article, so I did a query to see if that article was still on that website: </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>[ site:www.allatsea.net Gazing_Balls_in_the_Sea ] </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sure enough, it's still there (I should go fix up the Wikipedia entry to reflect this). And it IS an interesting article. These things are also called "sea pearls" (makes sense), AND the article mentioned "...</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Ventricaria ventricosa, </i>or<i> Valonia ventricosa..."</i></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Well.. that's interesting. Two names for the same plant? </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I kept following up the other links (and found other problems), but was impressed when I followed the last link on the Wikipedia article, a reference to the AlgaeBase site. The link is to the AlgaeBase description of the "sailor's eyeballs." </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1401">http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1401</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is pretty clearly the definitive site for questions about algae. And here you can see the story. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The original publication describing this plant was published in: </span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Agardh, J.G. (1887). Till algernes systematik. Nya bidrag. (Femte afdelningen.). Acta Universitatis Lundensis 23(2): 1-174, 5 plates. </span></blockquote><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you're curious, you can see the original publication. (<a href="http://images.algaebase.org/pdf/AC100CF318af628754VGIy66D452/16063.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>) This is the way science used to operate--it's in Latin. It's long text passages. There are a few lovely sketches at the end. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But what's with the two names? </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The original name was given by J. Agardh in the late 19th century. But as AlgaeBase points out: “This name, <i>Ventricaria ventricosais</i>, currently regarded as a taxonomic synonym of <i>Valonia ventricosa</i>." </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Renaming and reclassification happens all the time. What USED to be called a <i>brontosaurus</i> is now called an <i>apatosaurus. </i>A similar thing happened here. A newer publication came out put <i>Valonia</i> into a new category, <i>Ventricaria.</i> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><br /></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In that paper, Olsen and West point out that our favorite algae actually belongs to a newly described genus that they call <i>Ventricaria</i>. If you look at publications since 1988, they all (well, nearly all) use the new name. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-02/hcj/feature/ -- tells that it’s a problem</span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #660000;">1. What IS that thing? </span> </b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;"><b>Answer</b>: <i>Ventricaria ventricosa</i>, previously known as <i>Valonia ventricosa.</i> Common names: bubble algae, sailor's eyeballs, sea pearls. </span></blockquote><br /><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;">The second question asked how to control it. To answer this, I thought I'd try asking an easy query: </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;"> [ <b>bubble algae aquarium problem ] </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">That took me to http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-02/hcj/feature/ which has a long, really interesting article with more information about <i>Valonia / Ventricaria </i>(including great photos of other forms of the algae). </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">It ALSO has a long section about controls, including the use of snails and crabs to eat them. In particular, the article mentions the crab <i>Mithrax sculptus </i>(aka "green" or "emerald" crab) as a way to control the spread of bubble algae in your tank. </span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #660000;">2. What biological agent might you use to control them in your salt water aquarium?</span> </b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"> <b>Answer: </b>You might try using a crab in your tank to eat up the bubble alg</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;">ae. </span></blockquote><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><br /></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">However, not everything is perfect. </span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #660000;">3. (Extra credit) Why does it now seem that the use of this biological agent might be a really bad idea?</span> </b></blockquote><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;">The Reefkeeping.com article also mentions that the crabs, as they dine, might well end up spreading spores from the interior of the bubble, and end up making matters worse. You start with one algal cell, but end up with them infesting the tank. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;">I also checked on Google Scholar for: </span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ emerald crab control bubble algae ] </span></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">And found this interesting article that confirms what we read at ReefKeeping:</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1703540" target="_blank">Efficiency of using emerald crabs <i>Mithraculus sculptus</i> to control bubble alga <i>Ventricaria ventricosa</i> (syn. <i>Valonia ventricosa</i>) in aquaria habitats</a> (see (2) below). </span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">"...as the crab tears the algal cell apart, the cell liquid that contains juvenile cytoplasmatic spheres is released into the water; this behaviour might contribute to algal dispersal and consequently algal infestation. These results seem to indicate that </span><i style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">M. sculptus</i><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> might not be such an efficient bio-controller of the pest </span><i style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">V. ventricosa</i><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> as previously thought..." </span></span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="font-weight: bold;">Search lessons: </i>There are a couple of things to note here. </span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1. <i>Keyword choice:</i> Try to use terms that you think someone else would use. If it's not working for you, ask someone else for the words they would use to describe it. </span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. <i>Wikipedia as a starting point:</i> As we've discussed, Wikipedia is a great place to start your research on a topic, but don't think of it as the ending point. In this article, Wikipedia has dead links (easily fixable), and uses outdated names in the article. </span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. <i>Triangulate what you find:</i> Look for multiple sources to get the same data in different ways. I used Scholar to find that article about emerald crabs, and I found AlgaeBase as a great authoritative source for the latest on algae from a botanical perspective. </span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">Hope you enjoyed this as much as I did! </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">Tomorrow, the resolution of the parrotfish problem! </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">Search on!</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">______________</span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: normal;">(1) Olsen, J.L. & West, J.A. (1988)."<i>Ventricaria</i> (Siphonocladales-Cladophorales complex, Chlorophyta), a new genus for </span><i style="line-height: normal;">Valonia ventricosa</i><span style="line-height: normal;">." Phycologia 27: 103-108. </span></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><o:p style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="color: #333333;">(2) </span></o:p><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 16px;">Figueiredo, Joana, et al. "Efficiency of using emerald crabs Mithraculus sculptus to control bubble alga Ventricaria ventricosa (syn. Valonia ventricosa) in aquaria habitats." </span><i style="color: #222222; line-height: 16px;">Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK</i><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 16px;">88.01 (2008): 95-101.</span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></div><!--EndFragment--></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-40094913804196857762013-09-25T05:58:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.795-07:00Wednesday search challenge (9/25/13): What IS that thing? Another undersea mystery.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Diving in Bonaire was immensely satisfying, it also led to multiple mysteries, each perfect for a search challenge. I'm trying hard to not turn SearchResearch into a long series of "Mysteries of the Deep!" </span><br /><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">While there I took several hundred underwater photos, and when I was going through them this past week for the parrotfish problem (more on <i>that</i> later), I ran across a few snapshots of something I couldn't identify. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In around 30 feet of water (10 m), I found several instances of this... </span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4eLcFk1u99hQLCKwcbDrVXICDZFt1jHVJjjrUwTlJ5KCPUmXL4H1CuciTtpZSEBa19ZZQBsylGLkijKK_ySa0ldfGd7Ti3cy8xq0SBx_4XKyVYeg7MOOyYgKThtMFI5J4eGkNp2rMs1M/s1600/mystery-sphere.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4eLcFk1u99hQLCKwcbDrVXICDZFt1jHVJjjrUwTlJ5KCPUmXL4H1CuciTtpZSEBa19ZZQBsylGLkijKK_ySa0ldfGd7Ti3cy8xq0SBx_4XKyVYeg7MOOyYgKThtMFI5J4eGkNp2rMs1M/s640/mystery-sphere.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These spheres are a remarkable sight. They're not pearls, although they definitely have that kind of pearly, opalescent quality to them. They're about 2 inches (5 cm) across, slightly bendable when you press on one, but firm too. They're strongly attached to their substrate, in this case, sponges, but I saw them attached to other things as well. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I finally figured out what they were, I learned they're kind of a pest in saltwater aquariums, and aquarists look for ways to control them. (Although they are fairly remarkable in appearance.) They're certainly not a pest in Bonarian waters; I'd always see a few per hour while swimming over the reef. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These wonderful things lead to today's challenge: </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">1. What IS that thing? </span> </b>(I'm looking for the genus/species scientific name, although the popular names are interesting too.) </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">2. What biological agent might you use to control them in your salt water aquarium?</span> </b> </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">3. (Extra credit) Why does it now seem that the use of this biological agent might be a really bad idea?</span> </b> </span></blockquote><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let us know HOW you found the answer. For SearchResearchers, the search method to get to the right answer is as important as the answer itself! It's how the rest of us learn to be better searchers.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><hr /><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Parrotfish update:</b> I <i>hope</i> to finish my update to the "parrotfish poop" problem from two weeks ago. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It turns out that (much to my surprise) figuring out a credible answer to "how much sand does a parrotfish make in 1 year?" is pretty tricky. I've been on the job, though, reading lots of scholarly papers on fish, and yes, how parrotfish process what they eat. Fascinating stuff. (But it's also really busy at work these days, so I haven't had nearly the amount of time I'd like. Ah, the irregular, but joyous life of a researcher! I'm enjoying having a reason to read through ichthyology papers.) </span></div><div><br /></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-34743148986058076262013-09-19T06:15:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.808-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><b>Yesterday's Challenge: </b></span></span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Who is my (meaning me, Dan Russell's) great-great-great-great-great-great-great advisor? </b>(And why is that an incredibly cool thing to know?) </span></span></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">That is, who was my advisor's-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor was (back 7 PhD generations). </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><b>Answer: Simeon Denis Poisson</b> (one of the greatest mathematicians of the early 19th century)</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px;">. </span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg" width="272" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Simeon Denis Poisson</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 16.890625px;">my </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.890625px; text-align: left;">advisor's-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />(</span><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Image from Wikimedia</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">)</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>How to find out: </b>Well, by now you know who my advisor is--Jerome Feldman. (He was my advisor at the University of Rochester, although he is now at UC Berkeley.) He's been the advisor for a LOT of students. (As someone pointed out, I work with 4 other Feldman students at Google.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But probably the simplest way to figure out my great (* 7) advisor is to use <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/index.php" target="_blank">The Mathematics Genealogy Project</a> advisor tool. If you start with my name and work backwards - <a href="http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=115644" target="_blank">Daniel Russell </a> - you'll find that I'm a descendent of S. D. Poisson. </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">And the simplest way to discover the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Genealogy Project advisor tool is to search for my name and the title of my thesis. Like this: </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> [ Daniel Martin Russell "Schema based problem solving" ] </b></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;">The </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Genealogy Project tool shows up pretty high in that list. As several readers pointed out, once you do the search and <i>notice</i> that there's a tool labeled "genealogy," the rest is simple. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why use my full name in the search? </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Lesson 1: </b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Because different kinds of sites use different conventions for naming individuals. For genealogies, typically you want to use the full name. (But be careful; you still might have to hunt around on name variations. Geoffry vs. Jeffry vs. Jeffery, etc.) I used my full name here because I know that this is the convention for official documents (and the PhD degrees are very, very formalized). </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And then, you just work backwards from me: </span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;">Daniel Martin Russell (1985) </span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">Jerome Arthur Feldman (1964) - advisor</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">Alan Jay Perlis (1950) - grandadvisor *1</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">Phillip Franklin (1921) - * 2</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">Oswald Veblen (1903) - * 3</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">E. H. (Eliakim Hastings) Moore (1885) - * 4</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">H. A. (Hubert Anson) Newton (1850) - * 5</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">Michel Chasles (1814) - * 6</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span><span style="color: #333333;">Simeon Denis Poisson (1800) - * 7 </span></span> </blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;">And of course Poisson's advisors were the even <i>more famous</i> mathematicians / physicists </span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange" target="_blank">Joseph Louis Lagrange</a> (1754) and </span></span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" target="_blank">Pierre-Simon Laplace</a> (~1760). </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;">Still, I like Poisson as one of my great-advisors because his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution" target="_blank">Poisson distribution</a> is used so often in statistics and computer science. (1) When I first learned about a Poisson distribution and figured out how it works, I felt... empowered. It sounds silly, I know, but for the first time in my undergraduate career, I felt as though I'd learned something that I would never have figured out on my own. It was my first moment of mathematical awe and surprise. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;">I never imagined that I was intellectually related to the man himself. That was a second great surprise. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;">But perhaps the best / coolest thing is that his name is one of 72 French geniuses inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. (As both Sarah and Ramón pointed out.) </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: justify;">Lesson 2: </b><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Be sure to look for a tool that can do the computation for you. Sometimes (especially for repeated information links, like we see in this kind of a problem), you'll find a tool that will do the heavy lifting for you. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;">More on parrotfish tomorrow. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;">Search on! </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333;">_____ </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: x-small;"><b>(1) Background</b>: In the context of queueing theory the Poisson distribution is a pretty good model for how items arrive into a queue that needs to be managed. Queues are pretty fundamental to the way all computers work, so everyone in CS needs to learn this at one point or another. </span></span></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-86356465716972598422013-09-18T05:14:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.824-07:00Wednesday search challenge (09/18/13): Who is my great-great-great-great-great-great-great advisor? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd; color: #4c1130;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before we begin.... </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></b></i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">a minor admission. A mini-mea culpa, if you will. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Obviously, I was off on vacation in Bonaire last week. It was a fabulous trip. If you're really curious about Caribbean diving, here's a link to my <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/photos/102463329848063353963/albums/5921368305101826129" target="_blank">G+ Bonaire photo album</a>. </span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd; color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">So I'd <i>planned</i> on finishing up the "parrotfish sand problem" last week, but got too busy diving. (And, truthfully, I spent much of my time on the last two days chasing after parrotfish, hoping to catch them in the "sand creation" act. I did, but it was hard!) </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd; color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Then, the moment I got back, I was plunged into the deep end of work. So I haven't had any time to finish up the parrotfish question. But I shall. It just might be at the end of this week. </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd; color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Hang in there... more work on this in a bit. </span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">AND NOW... back to today's Search Research Challenge.... </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Because I'm time-limited, I'm going to post a fairly simple challenge. Once you figure it out, it's fairly cool and interesting. (But, as with many of these challenges, if you don't see the solution, it will look crazy-hard-impossible. Remember what we've talked about before in this blog. If you keep those search principles in mind, you should be able to figure it out.) </span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/stjohnsbible/images/sjb0035as.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/stjohnsbible/images/sjb0035as.jpg" width="414" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A genealogical chart from the original King James bible (1611). <a href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/stjohnsbible/images/sjb0035as.jpg" target="_blank">Image courtesy LOC.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Background: </b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As you know, I got my PhD in Computer Science from the University of Rochester in 1985. My specialty area was Artificial Intelligence (if you must know, my thesis title is "Schema-based Problem Solving"). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And, as you know, every doctoral student has one main advisor (or rarely, two...). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's also a very traditional aspect to getting a PhD. Having a doctorate awarded is a relatively long, ritualized, ceremonial affair involving special gowns, hats, felt stripes on the arm of your cloak, and history. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most PhD students know their advisor's intellectual lineage. That is, you know who your advisor's advisor was, and often the great-advisor, and so on. There's a bit of legend and lore in all this; a feeling that excellent advisors pass their learned opinions down from the greats in the past. And that observation leads to today's challenge. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Challenge: </b></span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Who is my (meaning me, Dan Russell's) great-great-great-great-great-great-great advisor? </b>(And why is that an incredibly cool thing to know?) </span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In other words, I believe that you can figure out who my advisor's-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor-advisor was (back 7 PhD generations). Once you figure it out, it's a fairly interesting thing to know. (Put it this way, <b><span style="color: #660000;">I</span> </b>was certainly surprised.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-49110217017005399352013-09-12T04:08:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.835-07:00Answer: What kind of fish?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Short answers: </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">1. Fish? </span></b><span style="color: #333333;">Stoplight Parrotfish (<i>Sparisoma viride</i>). </span></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">2. Geology? </span></b><span style="color: #333333;">Parrotfish bite into the coral, scraping off a bit with each bite. They digest the algae they get in that bite, then the coral bits are excreted into the water, making up a large amount of sand. In essence, much of the white sand of Caribbean island beaches is made up of fish poop! (Okay, the excreted, indigestable bits of pulverized coral.) </span></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqaxmeBB2oj6jwBYNItbPrbhf0emhHdcb8wn4ZsUGQLi2JSSzhOxSR0v48qarZo9YyqYFD7JOzPBS2EIM0yqHNW6GVlTftUe5CwX9ka7GMdeQdVYOWbADB_UxxUz9hWDQLMvt2PIxvWSE/s640/IMG_5919.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stoplight parrotfish (<i>Sparisoma viride</i>)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqaxmeBB2oj6jwBYNItbPrbhf0emhHdcb8wn4ZsUGQLi2JSSzhOxSR0v48qarZo9YyqYFD7JOzPBS2EIM0yqHNW6GVlTftUe5CwX9ka7GMdeQdVYOWbADB_UxxUz9hWDQLMvt2PIxvWSE/s1600/IMG_5919.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>My solution: </b>As you can see from the comments, there are many paths to solving this. I solved it by searching for: </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Caribbean fish guide ] </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">And finding <a href="http://reefguide.org/">ReefGuide.org</a> which has a very high quality guide to the reef fishes of the world. From their home page I chose "Caribbean, Bahamas, Florida" and then did a quick scan of the fish families. It wasn't a "small oval" fish, or any of the other's I clicked, <i>until </i>I found the parrotfish category. Once you see the parrotfish page, it's pretty clearly that kind of beast. </span></span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqI93X2gZ-dmuogpbjKA2zxoCB99uxb_HJIeHe1WqbtgxyGe-KvFKhccz3JPhshD4ZtIxh8kUJp7Ygo71I3fZ58ShyphenhyphengN1oMgadom6nLQMr-ycYBXBGtC_njjuVXsmFDJSSYJZR82V25AI/s1600/Reefguide.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqI93X2gZ-dmuogpbjKA2zxoCB99uxb_HJIeHe1WqbtgxyGe-KvFKhccz3JPhshD4ZtIxh8kUJp7Ygo71I3fZ58ShyphenhyphengN1oMgadom6nLQMr-ycYBXBGtC_njjuVXsmFDJSSYJZR82V25AI/s400/Reefguide.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://reefguide.org/">ReefGuide.org</a>'s parrotfish categorization page</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><i>To find the geological effects of this fish...</i> My first search (like many of you) was for </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ stoplight parrotfish geology ] </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">but the results were too diffuse to be useful. (Search question: Why didn't I include the double quotes a la "stoplight parrotfish"? Because I figured that bigram--<b>stoplight</b> <i>then</i> <b>parrotfish</b> would be pretty common <i>only as </i>a fish reference. So I didn't bother.) </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">So I modified my query to be: </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ parrotfish geology ] </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">and quickly found many articles about the effect of parrotfish (in general, not <i>just</i> the Stoplight parrotfish) on sand creation in the Caribbean. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Just to triangulate what I was reading, I did the same search on Scholar to see a few scholarly papers on the topic. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">One paper, "Rate of bioerosion by Parrotfish in Barbados marine environments" (1) points out that "</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">[stoplight parrotfish] were observed to spend 80% of their time feeding on surfaces covered with filamentous algae and 20% on sand. Only Sparisoma viride consistently leaves well-defined scars on live coral."</span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But there's a debate among different sources about how MUCH sand a parrotfish produces each year. If you look at the comments, some say it's 1 ton (2,000 pounds) / year / fish, while others say it's 200 pounds / year / fish. Since that's SUCH a variance, I'm going to let the crowd work on the rate of sand production / fish for a bit longer. The mystery remains! </span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>3. How MUCH sand does a single parrotfish create in a year? </b></span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As noted in the comments, some male parrot fish keep harems of females nearby. When the dominant male dies, one of the females will change gender and color and become the alpha male for the harem.</span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's also a striking difference in appearance between the adults and the juveniles. Here's a photo I took yesterday of a juvenile Stoplight parrotfish. </span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYVPWV3hFkp5FrgP5jHFKpw7P-TUkcs1EsTc_uQCzk0lyQc_vXzO7IY8IxaLvFQ-S_ogXxeAcjX9f-VAYdaubI7Tdy87V1rnpeKZ-5pIYLVfEG6PBOgNJO9G1ymCFqMmae6IqjgWjujB8/s1600/IMG_6024.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYVPWV3hFkp5FrgP5jHFKpw7P-TUkcs1EsTc_uQCzk0lyQc_vXzO7IY8IxaLvFQ-S_ogXxeAcjX9f-VAYdaubI7Tdy87V1rnpeKZ-5pIYLVfEG6PBOgNJO9G1ymCFqMmae6IqjgWjujB8/s640/IMG_6024.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stoplight parrotfish, juvenile (<i>Sparisoma viride</i>)</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Tomorrow I'll comment more on the "sand production" question, but give it a shot. It's a genuine difference of data question. Since they vary by a factor of 10, one estimate should be clearly very wrong! </span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Back to vacation! Nice job everyone. </span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And... just for Remmij, who asked for a picture of the Hilma Hooker, here's one shot of one our buddies entering the wreck through a hatch opening (it was on the top, but the wreck is laid over on its side, so this is now on the side of the wreck...) </span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Uj9Nb417lcsTxcBENqQvfDhFphloBPKd-iG9Cc66ND6JyYamEKtpMWJZ_6GO2ssizt26NDCktcr8FEOKT6VAXOBedSdi4UZv-mT6CXBDaytQE5QCSiRT4GrCx-4EtQSaN3ArTsjy2Z4/s1600/IMG_5906.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Uj9Nb417lcsTxcBENqQvfDhFphloBPKd-iG9Cc66ND6JyYamEKtpMWJZ_6GO2ssizt26NDCktcr8FEOKT6VAXOBedSdi4UZv-mT6CXBDaytQE5QCSiRT4GrCx-4EtQSaN3ArTsjy2Z4/s640/IMG_5906.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Entering the Hilma Hooker wreck at 80 feet.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">----- </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">(1) </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 16px;">Frydl, Paul, and Colin W. Stearn. "Rate of bioerosion by parrotfish in Barbados reef environments." </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 16px;">Journal of Sedimentary Research</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 16px;"> 48.4 (1978): 1149-1157.</span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-17106483373918894172013-09-11T04:02:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:42.939-07:00Wednesday search challenge (9/11/13): What kind of fish?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I'm actually on vacation this week, but I couldn't resist sharing this small search challenge with you. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A bunch of my dive buddies and I are in Bonaire, spending 3 to 4 hours a day diving in the 82F, ultra-clear, full-of-life seas around the island. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When you dive, you're constantly seeing things that you don't know, and consequently, spending a fair bit of time searching for answers to "what kind of fish was that?" or "what IS that strange thing we found that looks like a snake, but has gills?" </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's a fairly easy question for you that should build your repertory of search skills a bit. We've had challenges in this style before, but never quite so tropical! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is a fish you see everywhere around Bonaire (and most of the Caribbean as well). I shot this picture yesterday afternoon at a depth of 30 feet (10 m). This fish is about 2 feet long (0.6 m) from tail-tip to nose. This is a very typical pose. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ2vCLKXUXg0P-n2SDmNA0l_ZegFfshVLlisWQ2JnEtRsLSOQyvErPDeQw9uZSsOMfhBr82foRUDej-VinzApfGVDRQ-XXETPA46TKzTyRRsj3TCcy0c7K8N-jQLGRqCoI3PtUHnhIvsM/s1600/IMG_5919.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ2vCLKXUXg0P-n2SDmNA0l_ZegFfshVLlisWQ2JnEtRsLSOQyvErPDeQw9uZSsOMfhBr82foRUDej-VinzApfGVDRQ-XXETPA46TKzTyRRsj3TCcy0c7K8N-jQLGRqCoI3PtUHnhIvsM/s640/IMG_5919.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Our challenges for today are: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>1. What kind of fish is this? </b>(Looking for both the common name and the Latin scientific name.) <b> </b></span><br /><b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></b><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>2. What contribution does this fish make to the geology of the island? </b>(That's not a typo: this fish is important in making the island what it is. Can you find out what/why/how?) </span><br /><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As usual, please let us know the answer, HOW you found the answer, and how long it took you to search it out. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I'm heading to go diving now. Answers tomorrow! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #990000;"><br /></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-224672991537737622013-09-06T09:39:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.046-07:00Followup: What made that mark on the land?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I wanted to follow up yesterday’s discussion of the mysterious “mark on the land” (which we now know was the short lifetime of the Penninsula Channel Commander’s RC model-plane airport).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One of the most poignant memories of the old field is this video taken from a model plane of the “Old<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Half Moon Bay Field” <a href="http://petej.com/blog/movies/#hmb">http://petej.com/blog/movies/#hmb</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<a href="http://petej.com/blog/2008/10/01/farewell-half-moon-bay/#more-1028" target="_blank">Taken from Pete Johnson’s remembrance of the field</a> which was closed and torn up on September 30, 2008.) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Here are a few frames from Pete's video, showing the field in close up, and with views up the coast.) </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9gCgsvViPG576kvkk5ViCXE7-W41J_2Z8rOkmY-buWpLp7sqpHCiccMaQcKMnUxLX0u2xakzMvR5TjF4kMH30sl90Rnxga_-kYyHU7wmQL3IQuAO8oRPP9CmmsYYkIj6aKI_5FbgTQJM/s1600/Mark-video1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9gCgsvViPG576kvkk5ViCXE7-W41J_2Z8rOkmY-buWpLp7sqpHCiccMaQcKMnUxLX0u2xakzMvR5TjF4kMH30sl90Rnxga_-kYyHU7wmQL3IQuAO8oRPP9CmmsYYkIj6aKI_5FbgTQJM/s320/Mark-video1.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisqfwqzUn9clqDXp2GvLH-pvNsbdfvswwTnxjKJ49JkYXIeNEpjUWVMPrEkFkCJYo1pdJl4PeZkTAr_YvqHA59sPyaTXx3S5FHatkU_95N6QsmARyQk8jseKfobBm5l-ZhC6IvcVo2an0/s1600/Mark-video2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisqfwqzUn9clqDXp2GvLH-pvNsbdfvswwTnxjKJ49JkYXIeNEpjUWVMPrEkFkCJYo1pdJl4PeZkTAr_YvqHA59sPyaTXx3S5FHatkU_95N6QsmARyQk8jseKfobBm5l-ZhC6IvcVo2an0/s320/Mark-video2.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNiIP3BND8DrGx8wGlhDvsMi8MvcgOv_cIOqnZzxSJ3cZvRywz8MM9jtnKugidCfHu20T0IqGxdnFaIkCiCfhCciAiL0Z0Zfa30GACpfYrZAG0pAbmmeidIribh7UxKcxU4RCfJFVeD7w/s1600/Mark-video3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNiIP3BND8DrGx8wGlhDvsMi8MvcgOv_cIOqnZzxSJ3cZvRywz8MM9jtnKugidCfHu20T0IqGxdnFaIkCiCfhCciAiL0Z0Zfa30GACpfYrZAG0pAbmmeidIribh7UxKcxU4RCfJFVeD7w/s320/Mark-video3.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note the man walking across the strip. It really is 40' wide.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As you probably saw from all of the comments, there are multiple paths to figuring this one out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I especially liked Rosemary’s use of Google Earth’s layers tool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As she pointed out in the comments yesterday, the “Google Earth Community” layer can be a great source of insight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To get to that layer, search in the Layers menu: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVLGPfjNl5O3UgzlS7cPDMFgKURIDeNeiu6Kgbp9_oNzMkCwLsaIFLgOqglAgMdOIfyJj1HFLkdPlppHMxRhjWEHNnYUVz7_V0i__RmCbIctyMvjomyYj48Es2KDoOhBq78bQ5jEKQqZI/s1600/Earth-layers.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVLGPfjNl5O3UgzlS7cPDMFgKURIDeNeiu6Kgbp9_oNzMkCwLsaIFLgOqglAgMdOIfyJj1HFLkdPlppHMxRhjWEHNnYUVz7_V0i__RmCbIctyMvjomyYj48Es2KDoOhBq78bQ5jEKQqZI/s640/Earth-layers.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Selecting the "Google Earth Community" layer. Notice the "i" that appeared on the image.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And sometimes you’ll find useful information there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Rosemary did.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgef2a9Gewdko78E58mwsMZydE0xc95wYxyjMlP7nwHplaGltzERiRZsVgM5QeGdn2lxMCJ4zDpEfuxSC-k_vTC6LJu_zy5QRWv7-ZsMPfQSUh5lo43dhyphenhyphenz3xvtghiIgHzlJa_1fGE_WZ4/s1600/Mark-PCC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgef2a9Gewdko78E58mwsMZydE0xc95wYxyjMlP7nwHplaGltzERiRZsVgM5QeGdn2lxMCJ4zDpEfuxSC-k_vTC6LJu_zy5QRWv7-ZsMPfQSUh5lo43dhyphenhyphenz3xvtghiIgHzlJa_1fGE_WZ4/s320/Mark-PCC.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">With this one hint (the name of the club), everything else becomes simple. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One trick I sometimes use in Google Earth is to turn on ALL of the layers at once (click the "Gallery" check-box) to see if I get any hits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note that you have to be fairly zoomed in, or you’ll get a million points appearing (which could take a while).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvQ9M0EMKQH5gZtYe5voECxjEH4LbAt54pCGsTcwGQ9LsEPCP0Cw0JIXSMvBNUs_pG1EeN6Dp9UaXmDBCnJ95brjOfFgEUU1nAUn_sNeA2Z85-wmn90rIV_dG6wfjn3mmb9G1WupgB0uM/s1600/Earth-all-on.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvQ9M0EMKQH5gZtYe5voECxjEH4LbAt54pCGsTcwGQ9LsEPCP0Cw0JIXSMvBNUs_pG1EeN6Dp9UaXmDBCnJ95brjOfFgEUU1nAUn_sNeA2Z85-wmn90rIV_dG6wfjn3mmb9G1WupgB0uM/s1600/Earth-all-on.png" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>But wait... there's more! </b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As you noticed, several people found “Gordon’s Chute” in the vicinity of the landing strip, thinking it was what I was after. (I was a large pier that had a chute running from the top of the cliff to a mooring point just offshore—the idea was to simplify the loading of ships with deep drafts).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, <i>in truth,</i> I hadn’t heard of Gordon’s Chute before readers discovered it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What a remarkable thing!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Built was built in 1872 and lasted until 1885, when it was destroyed by a storm. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Be sure to see John Vonderlin (aka BenLoudman) amazing <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnvonderlin/sets/72157623511162990/with/4273591370/" target="_blank">“Gordon’sChute” Flickr pages</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Thanks for pointing this out Remiij!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This collection of images is a superb collection of what is there now, and what once was there (with a hypothetical diagram showing where it seems to have been, overlaid on current reality).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's a sample: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMibltvn67pCbhfW7g6qi4L4dnOaKGUMK6Fx2RJ0lX6sQrYit957Qy7KzJMeNgmGppsWtC69IvSFTf_Z1RKf1iuKqcHC6B9mGSARQ4rWa-SR1oXH6pHN8hSye9HuezCJQzeb7lNYCU83M/s1600/Mark-Gordon-chute-Flickr.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMibltvn67pCbhfW7g6qi4L4dnOaKGUMK6Fx2RJ0lX6sQrYit957Qy7KzJMeNgmGppsWtC69IvSFTf_Z1RKf1iuKqcHC6B9mGSARQ4rWa-SR1oXH6pHN8hSye9HuezCJQzeb7lNYCU83M/s640/Mark-Gordon-chute-Flickr.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnvonderlin/sets/72157623511162990/with/4273591370/" target="_blank">John Vonderlin's Flickr page on Gordon's Chute</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In Vonderlin’s collection, he has several excerpts from the “San Francisco Call” newspaper, with articles dated May 31, 1896. (San Francisco Call, Volume 79, Number 183, 31 May 1896 – easily accessibly at the <a href="http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18960531.2.173&srpos=2&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-gordon%27s+chute-----#" target="_blank">CaliforniaDigital Newspaper Collection</a>. ) <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As you can see from their illustration (done “From life by a Call illustrator”), the chute is located on a bluff near two rocks (where the remaining trestlework stands) and near a valley (which you can see on the right side of the illustration). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp24DQUufTQFh_rIhKkWyCNiNoGHFDwm4UHKh0GDFnWPt9QiHNevZ0AG3jAfB33Vl4SnlJQDAiD_C-e1UYhZfym4JSo53nx0d3HLaw9EUt6jcmNmLetQ6bX-Vgjs2sBJaWGSCigcsvtJg/s1600/Mark-Gordons-Chute-illustration.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp24DQUufTQFh_rIhKkWyCNiNoGHFDwm4UHKh0GDFnWPt9QiHNevZ0AG3jAfB33Vl4SnlJQDAiD_C-e1UYhZfym4JSo53nx0d3HLaw9EUt6jcmNmLetQ6bX-Vgjs2sBJaWGSCigcsvtJg/s640/Mark-Gordons-Chute-illustration.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">May 31, 1896. San Francisco Call, v 79, n 183.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">The reason I bring this up…</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"> is that the site of the model airplane field isn’t quite that location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it’s nearby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you look at this picture (which I made from Google Maps), there are at least 4 locations where the Chute could have been.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rocks near the airport are pretty sheer, and unlikely to serve as a base of the trestle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the rocks at positions #2 and #4 are fairly large and flat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Since John Vonderlin had such an interest in Gordon’s Chute, I did a quick search for<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Vonderlin Gordon’s Chute ] </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">and found that he’d written a letter to a blogger who specialized in the history of the coastline there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In that post on the blog PescaderoMemories, he writes about walking up the beach to find the original site of the structure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">“</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Continuing to hike through the riparian corridor as it emerges into the ever-widening canyon mouth, finally see the goal ahead, Gordon’s Chute, and </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">the wave-washed end of the looming, sheer Tunitas cliffs.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The description makes it pretty clear that the chute rocks are near the mouth of Tunitas Creek.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We know (from the Call newspaper) that the chute was built on rocks near a bluff, near the creek. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">And when we look at the map, it’s probably the</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">#3 or #4 rocks.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Both of which are about 1 mile south of the RC airport.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZlY7kQLIKIdGa2n-Ad8Hbob9echbE2DM6EFHobcwK4D9ByhNgc0Yj5WG8IyHlwyEJi9sfaAzxvksuLsbYOG_sXjbjJRB0Yj-x-IURUYYN9B7s3gvjWoUEE8iyfzYOxh18DuDlj2-OiNw/s1600/Mark-location-of-Gordons-chute.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZlY7kQLIKIdGa2n-Ad8Hbob9echbE2DM6EFHobcwK4D9ByhNgc0Yj5WG8IyHlwyEJi9sfaAzxvksuLsbYOG_sXjbjJRB0Yj-x-IURUYYN9B7s3gvjWoUEE8iyfzYOxh18DuDlj2-OiNw/s640/Mark-location-of-Gordons-chute.png" width="430" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Interestingly enough, <a href="http://wikimapia.org/15345311/Gordon-s-Chute-site" target="_blank">Wikimapia puts the site of Gordon’s Chute at </a><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333;"><a href="http://wikimapia.org/15345311/Gordon-s-Chute-site" target="_blank">37°21'46"N 122°24'26"W</a> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">which is the site numbered at #3 in the map above.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">That makes sense.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It lines up with the illustration, and it’s a large flat rock… probably blasted into a convenient shape.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Remarkably enough, as Ramón discovered by doing a <b><a href="http://www.trulia.com/property/3007598320-21963-Cabrillo-Hwy-S-Half-Moon-Bay-CA-94019" target="_blank">street address search</a></b>, the property is for sale for $2M.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (That's actually a great price, in local real estate terms.) The real estate listing ALSO mentions that this was the site of Gordon's Chute. </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yet another solution path was taken by my brother, Jeff, who’s a professional pilot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we’ve discussed before, using your social network (especially when they’re a network of people know are experts in the field) makes a good deal of sense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He posted my question to the ProPilots (a members only) site and generated a great discussion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pilots were initially confused and surprised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of the pilots had flown in the area, and they would have known about a runway there, even abandoned ones are marked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then one pilot had an insight:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>“I have a few thousand hours of instruction time around that area and I don't know what it is. The runway looks pretty small though. I know there's a spot in the area where people fly RC aircraft...”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One pilot had a novel idea:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>“If there are any RC pilots here, fire up RealFlight [an RC flight simulator, with many RC fields in the model] and check, I think there's a RC field in the sim that looks like that. (I'm on the road and don't have it with me).”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I have to admit that I’d never thought about using a game as an information resource!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then, one pilot did the same thing I did and measured it on Google Earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>“It’s only 400’ long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Abandoned RC airfield?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></i></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It was a quick solution after that. They didn't take long to discuss it and figure out what the right answer was. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Search lessons:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are many here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>First</i>, the journey sometimes really IS the reward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks for all the ideas about Gordon’s Chute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wouldn’t have known about this. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Second</i>, triangulating information (that is, getting multiple, corroborating pieces of information from different sources) is necessary when the history is old and confused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is what we did above by looking at maps, old photos and old newspapers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Third</i>, information can come from surprising places.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Social networks are one great source, but also real estate sites and even simulator games can be potentially useful sources!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Fourth,</i> sometimes using the tools you have in new ways can be useful. Google Earth has a number of useful, often historical, annotation layers. Oddly, those layers are not searchable, but you can investigate them easily enough with a click. Remember the "Show all" trick as a way to quickly browse through the options. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Excellent work by all. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">________________________________</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Footnote: </i>BTW, I'll be on vacation next week, a trip that might well lead to an entirely new challenge. Stay tuned. If I can get to Wifi, I'll write up a new search challenge next week. (But don't be surprised if there's just radio silence. I might be off the grid!) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>930</o:Words> <o:Characters>5303</o:Characters> <o:Company>Google</o:Company> <o:Lines>44</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>12</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>6221</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> 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/></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-49843672180538743002013-09-05T10:58:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.154-07:00Answer: What made that mark on the land? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1BigJX3nvjneZX8aVlZxZs5K24XDzMWBtWee7ypym4_NjdYX12ifXlp7xCQ7XkMyJ3mHz2tr1fyjaqezJOz-bPyD-GRidJOjFQO4JlTpnNCFCRPhAiMxFuF2XenDzjFaJbjsndaD7rE0/s1600/San-Mateo-coastline-37.36872-122.40683.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1BigJX3nvjneZX8aVlZxZs5K24XDzMWBtWee7ypym4_NjdYX12ifXlp7xCQ7XkMyJ3mHz2tr1fyjaqezJOz-bPyD-GRidJOjFQO4JlTpnNCFCRPhAiMxFuF2XenDzjFaJbjsndaD7rE0/s640/San-Mateo-coastline-37.36872-122.40683.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First off, let me say <b>Bravo</b>! The SearchResearch squad did a remarkable job on this challenge! This wasn't an easy problem by any means, and yet the answer was found quickly and accurately. Bravo, I say! Bravo! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let me tell you what I did, and then reflect for a second on other approaches that people took, for they were really interesting. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Remember, the challenge was: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>1. What is (was) the reason for the long rectangle on the left near the cliff? When was it built? When was it destroyed? </b></span> </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Short answer: It's a model airplane flying field. Built in 200</span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. (Extra credit) If you can figure out the first one, then the second one should be easy too: Same question--what's the long linear feature between Highway 1 and the rectangle? When was IT made? And when was IT destroyed? </span></b></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I first looked at the long, tilted rectangle, I immediately thought it looked like an abandoned runway. The prevailing wind at this location would be a headwind for this angle, so it made a certain amount of sense. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Since I know that archival aerial imagery is easy to get in Google Earth, I just launched Earth and started exploring with the Time slider. (Remember that we used this method before to search for other archival land images. Just click on the tool that looks like a clock in the Google Earth toolbar.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">With the Time Slider, I was able to quickly zoom back in time to 2003 and see that there really WAS something there. </span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaV9qXi3XxFNgzvcdmOzey7O8AdY_eTsWdZGwzbB6DkBfeEaE88frCvjjbyfwxRvjvlpYGYUe183id8WbCds2p8JXutB5cfd4duig4BpWYQBsBDL1saKzhkiYEodbjQPqKFhjwm-zk4qo/s1600/Mark-2003.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaV9qXi3XxFNgzvcdmOzey7O8AdY_eTsWdZGwzbB6DkBfeEaE88frCvjjbyfwxRvjvlpYGYUe183id8WbCds2p8JXutB5cfd4duig4BpWYQBsBDL1saKzhkiYEodbjQPqKFhjwm-zk4qo/s400/Mark-2003.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Google Earth image from 2003</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheRhgGFujMFzdorWiGCrt4BW0L_n7am-xSgBXSm20gbemeHWp1ujvQXahy-nbXv6iTs_gzwRkWinH96V_rIGztqrQUfVgj-385u70HlObImZPayetgtcSK_5FFx0OYEIaDD1hj8x_RjcM/s1600/Mark-2008.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheRhgGFujMFzdorWiGCrt4BW0L_n7am-xSgBXSm20gbemeHWp1ujvQXahy-nbXv6iTs_gzwRkWinH96V_rIGztqrQUfVgj-385u70HlObImZPayetgtcSK_5FFx0OYEIaDD1hj8x_RjcM/s400/Mark-2008.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Google Earth image from 2008</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-zmI04GzRHYvV4Tnl-qvhZZ2Hnl8k-HPrLwbsuqZ_a0hIltuMqSWe2qiqvbrXTfRC5hWAcMhpOeNAtZwfu42KoM24wSGWRjiQo00Rebhu7EJOfdqWDnAtTtw-1wCpqeZ_Sd_ZZy9-Q94/s1600/Mark-2009.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-zmI04GzRHYvV4Tnl-qvhZZ2Hnl8k-HPrLwbsuqZ_a0hIltuMqSWe2qiqvbrXTfRC5hWAcMhpOeNAtZwfu42KoM24wSGWRjiQo00Rebhu7EJOfdqWDnAtTtw-1wCpqeZ_Sd_ZZy9-Q94/s400/Mark-2009.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Google Earth image from 2009</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As you can see, this pretty clearly IS some kind of airport / landing field. But whatever kind of airport it was, it didn't last long. This same site in 1993 is a complete blank. </span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaeGXOWTChtAVS4wsrx5WbCzaWuZciuEEE0PK-wqG88SZdeL2PHlUpMV4d9DLIR4JxambEFJLrP_8JnUVsC0F8hbcp93wiaPK5u4jmJKtyVqcOmPkYcN6Lu9A95bxhqxieEF6XHu1HZ-4/s1600/Mark-1993.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaeGXOWTChtAVS4wsrx5WbCzaWuZciuEEE0PK-wqG88SZdeL2PHlUpMV4d9DLIR4JxambEFJLrP_8JnUVsC0F8hbcp93wiaPK5u4jmJKtyVqcOmPkYcN6Lu9A95bxhqxieEF6XHu1HZ-4/s400/Mark-1993.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Google Earth image from 1993</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But the "X"s on the runway images from 2003 and 2008 bothered me. So I looked up what an "X" mark would mean on a runway. My search for: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ X mark on runway ] </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">led me to the <a href="http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/ATpubs/AIM/aim0203.html" target="_blank">FAA runway marking guideline</a> which says that an "X" on the runway means it's closed. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But that's odd too. Why would someone build a runway, then immediately close it? Or maybe never open it? </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I <i>then</i> spent a fair bit of time (probably 30 minutes or so) searching for <i>closed</i> or <i>abandoned</i> <i>runways, air strips, landing strips, air fields... </i> etc etc. I found a lot of interesting content about closed airports in the greater San Francisco Bay area, but nothing down south of Half Moon Bay, near the small town of San Gregorio (the next town south of this location). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One other thing bothered me about the photo from 2003. If those white things on the right side of the image are cars, then that would mean the runway is about 2 or 3 car lengths wide. That seems narrow for an runway. So I went back to Google Earth and used the Ruler tool to measure the length of the runway. </span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdH3Tw4RpChO2RUkek9T-USjWZDJc38Eec3DrQDHcHa73NljPnIx6Xf2IhKHdziplpISvHXS2OpZoJOFZMmkuIVzwolZlr4MTgw36WozMeWdocwKVyoZlBSPz_xAQbryyT8Ao8v_qbkP8/s1600/Mark-length.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdH3Tw4RpChO2RUkek9T-USjWZDJc38Eec3DrQDHcHa73NljPnIx6Xf2IhKHdziplpISvHXS2OpZoJOFZMmkuIVzwolZlr4MTgw36WozMeWdocwKVyoZlBSPz_xAQbryyT8Ao8v_qbkP8/s320/Mark-length.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">The runway (in yellow) is only 383 feet (~100 m) long???</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What's going on? It's 41 feet wide and 383 feet long. That's way too small for a real runway unless it's some strange kind of VTOL or STOL aircraft. Even so, the staging area and ramps are too small for that purpose. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now what? </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Like a few other SearchResearchers, I remembered that there was a project to fly up and down the entire coastline of California. I couldn't remember the name of the project (or website), so I did the search for it: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ photographs California coast ] </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And found the California Coastline Project (http://www.californiacoastline.org/) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Once there, I searched for "San Gregorio" and then went a couple of clicks northward up the coast to that point where the bluffs are high and the land is flat. And found that the image of that location has a very visible green runway on it. (Wait a second. GREEN?) And the label "San Mateo RC Airport." A quick search for the term "RC airport" revealed that this is a <b>remote control airplane</b> airport! (See the image from the California Coastline project below.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ah. So <i>that's</i> why I wasn't finding anything when looking for "abandoned airstrip" or "runways." It's not a regular airport. And that's why it's too small. A ha! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I figured that anyone who would put this much trouble into making an entire tiny airport for remote control airplanes was probably part of a club, and that I could find their website (or at least a mention of them in a club newsletter or something). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My next query was: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ rc airport san mateo coast california ] </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After clicking into the link labeled "R/C flying fields California," I found that there's club operating out of Half Moon Bay (the next largish city to the north), the "<a href="http://www.flypcc.org/index.shtml" target="_blank">Peninsula Channel Commanders</a>" club. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's even a photo of their airstrip on their website. It looks very similar... but not <i>quite </i>the same as the air strips shown above. Huh. So clicking on the link to the field directions, I found that their current field is way north of where we've been looking. Sigh. Not quite right. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But the similarity between their current field and the one in the images above struck me. So I clicked on the link to their <a href="http://www.flypcc.org/pages/history.shtml" target="_blank">History page</a> and found this. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In 1999, the group moved to a field on the west side of Highway 1 owned by the Deany family. This beautiful location was a bit close to the ocean: many a plane splashed into the Pacific. </span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">A change in land ownership in fall 2008 left the group without a field for a few months, then we found a field a bit closer to Half Moon Bay, owned by John Giusti. We began flying there Feb. 1, 2009, after Eddie Andreini graded the area and volunteers set up the necessary gear.</span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> This history lines up with the images we found on Google Earth ("west of Highway 1" and "a bit close to the ocean") and explains why the airstrip only lasted a few years. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I then remembered another great geo-resource, the GeoHack site (<a href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/">http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/</a>) which pulls together all kinds of geo-located information. By zooming in on our lat/long from above, I found this map: </span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpb-NaxpnYi4zP83IzJ1qF0r0MRlJmnqONyN2Jqr85P_uYGRwPFagrWCKiUeLkZ8445ei_7ZCK9bBPoIjWK2R51WLLQpIofL9llSZo50zuXGySbvzEdx89rXGqI5pAdVAPTnh5l_BPE7M/s1600/Mark-Geohack.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpb-NaxpnYi4zP83IzJ1qF0r0MRlJmnqONyN2Jqr85P_uYGRwPFagrWCKiUeLkZ8445ei_7ZCK9bBPoIjWK2R51WLLQpIofL9llSZo50zuXGySbvzEdx89rXGqI5pAdVAPTnh5l_BPE7M/s320/Mark-Geohack.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The green rectangle suggests there's a known feature here. By clicking on the Wikimapia "+Old places" link, I end up on the Wikimapia site: </span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBvd6d6zl041C4Le0HOyGXnELTOGe6TPK3kGDewSKZFEVH9EeauI8EErv4mC5lYoENC8xMTvgsxNTDXEdB41rgkoCdoS4E23SoDiEdZdShpL6eUOGNLxWBreB5l-sw0GygjWSCO4XJupQ/s1600/Mark-Wikimapia.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBvd6d6zl041C4Le0HOyGXnELTOGe6TPK3kGDewSKZFEVH9EeauI8EErv4mC5lYoENC8xMTvgsxNTDXEdB41rgkoCdoS4E23SoDiEdZdShpL6eUOGNLxWBreB5l-sw0GygjWSCO4XJupQ/s640/Mark-Wikimapia.png" width="584" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When you roll over the polygon overlaying our target, it shows up as "Model Airplane Field." </span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So we've figured this one out. It was the R/C model airplane flying field for the Peninsula Channel Commanders. Here it is in its heyday (2002). </span></span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.medium.images.californiacoastline.org/images/2002/medium/6187.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="412" src="http://www.medium.images.californiacoastline.org/images/2002/medium/6187.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.californiacoastline.org/license.html"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Copyright © 2002 Kenneth & Gabrielle Adelman. All rights reserved.</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>And now, onto the extra credit part. </i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you look at the Wikimapia map, you'll see the long, slender rectangle labeled as the "Ocean Shore Railway." To confirm that it's a railroad, just zoom out a bit. With a little dragging and panning of the map, you'll see there's a long line visible on the ground that stretches all the way up to Daly City (although you have to jump to the other side of Half Moon Bay when you get there). </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can read a brief summary of the railroad at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Shore_Railroad" target="_blank">Wikipedia article</a> about it. But for a wonderful read, check out "<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=msIDJorG9wcC&lpg=PP1&dq=Ocean%20Shore%20Railroad&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=Ocean%20Shore%20Railroad&f=false" target="_blank">The Ocean Shore Railroad</a>" by Chris Hunter (2004). </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUSM-8Dz4XvHEvIc_3t2t4kaqvCWpqFuw6cUdPzGuLYFWIEtEN4NwrwsBIZkOve4Vq4FFiDn1mTl-CWkREnd1fhE7dYl1RZ-YBztu2eCdooxlZXQht-oQ9GAPYQ0qGgidRwLo6DONnzI/s1600/Mark-Ocean-Shore-map.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUSM-8Dz4XvHEvIc_3t2t4kaqvCWpqFuw6cUdPzGuLYFWIEtEN4NwrwsBIZkOve4Vq4FFiDn1mTl-CWkREnd1fhE7dYl1RZ-YBztu2eCdooxlZXQht-oQ9GAPYQ0qGgidRwLo6DONnzI/s640/Mark-Ocean-Shore-map.png" width="152" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's a map I found (Image search). Grand dreams, never quite realized. As you can see, it went down the coast from San Francisco, through "Spanish Town" (now, Half Moon Bay) and through San Gregorio. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So this is a remarkable bit of history. Some of it is ephemeral--the RC airfield lasting only a few years--and the railroad, lasting only a few years, but whose mark on the land has lasted for over a century. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I have much more to say--especially about how SearchResearchers found their solutions. (AND about the discovery of Gordon's Chute, which I totally did NOT expect.) </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But this post is getting to be too long as is. I'll write an addendum later today / early tomorrow with those comments. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">FWIW, I spend about 45 minutes running through all of these steps. And I didn't get sidetracked by other things. This was a hard problem! </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Excellent find, everyone. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Search lessons:</b> Google Earth is great for archival imagery of an area, but as you go farther back in time, the snapshots get too far apart to be definitive. Useful starting point, though. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Using <i>other earth imagery resources</i> is often helpful. Some places (e.g., California Coastline Project and GeoHack) can provide you with very different perspectives on the same location. It's useful to check them out as well. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Also, I was initially fooled by the appearance of the landing strip. It wasn't until I measured the size of the strip (using Google Earth's ruler tool) that I realized something was fishy. <i>Lesson</i>: Check even the obvious for oddities. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>More on this topic later... </b> But for now, nice job. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-88416123035032767792013-09-04T05:42:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.258-07:00Wednesday search challenge (9/4/13): What made that mark on the land?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvlYqWQIXBFnQ4g8jmGHlbuwP_euJueIJV6lF8wUwhi62pO-cNSNjAQKj_8fkmcd99ZPk-i2rsmmHHu9qwkZ1KjfJygHFv9AMYUVTQHEBqQTEID-e5cIWxD-NK9pH6i-UP-OsM3Eq5Upg/s1600/San-Mateo-coastline-37.36872-122.40683.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvlYqWQIXBFnQ4g8jmGHlbuwP_euJueIJV6lF8wUwhi62pO-cNSNjAQKj_8fkmcd99ZPk-i2rsmmHHu9qwkZ1KjfJygHFv9AMYUVTQHEBqQTEID-e5cIWxD-NK9pH6i-UP-OsM3Eq5Upg/s640/San-Mateo-coastline-37.36872-122.40683.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Along the San Mateo-coastline: 37.36872, -122.40683</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Due west from where I live is the hyperactive intersection of sea and land, a place where cliffs plunge hundreds of feet into the Pacific, where the rocks are crumbly and barely hold together. It's a beautiful place that has, amazingly, mostly NOT been developed and covered with ticky-tacky buildings and strip malls. I am eternally grateful that this is so. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But it's also a place where people have <i>tried</i> to build things for quite a long time. It's a tough environment. When there aren't earthquakes, the soil gives away. When it rains, the mud flows come. In the summertime, this coastline is usually fogged in. Still... it's so beautiful that people keep trying. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I went camping this past weekend with my family near this place on the coast. As you drive along Highway 1, you'll see various attempts that have marked the land with their histories. I spotted this particular anomaly as we drove past and wondered "What is that?" </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the aerial photograph above (taken at lat/long 37.36872, -122.40683</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> ), you can see Highway 1 on the right, and two linear marks between the road and the edge of the sea cliff. Here, the ocean is around 160 feet (48 meters) below the cliff edge, so what we see here is a fairly flat piece of ground suspended high in the sky.. with two mysterious construction remnants left on the surface. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Your question for today: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>1. What is (was) the reason for the long rectangle on the left near the cliff? When was it built? When was it destroyed? </b></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>2. (Extra credit) If you can figure out the first one, then the second one should be easy too: Same question--what's the long linear feature between Highway 1 and the rectangle? When was IT made? And when was IT destroyed? </b></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You'll find that you need to take rather different research approaches to find the answers to both of these questions. But I know you can do it! You're SearchResearchers! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Be sure to let us know HOW you found the answers (so we can all learn from your successful search path) and HOW LONG it took you to work it out. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-38130921619023035982013-08-30T06:37:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.356-07:00When you want to understand an obscure part.... search for a diagram<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Regular reader Remmij made an interesting comment in yesterday's discussion of the Tarweed flower, <i>Hemizonia congesta</i>. She wrote: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Ray flowers 5–13; <b>ligules</b> 5–11 mm,</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, I'm reasonably up on my botanical terminology, but I admit that I didn't know what a "ligule" was. BUT... I do know how to find out. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's what I did.... </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My first move was to do a <b>define</b>... like this: </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVfaYeG7uZZ3LF6ELleRCDgfOYHGT9GUfTZnjBIZIJI6CEFLI0NrPBUKkhfn7acegAclVJhHSwC2HHKQA2tSxSlOM073WrZ_OnfdezO6zKgZh7GrPFz49JJMQ9nTlfBWg-C3JMGKB37F0/s1600/ligule.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVfaYeG7uZZ3LF6ELleRCDgfOYHGT9GUfTZnjBIZIJI6CEFLI0NrPBUKkhfn7acegAclVJhHSwC2HHKQA2tSxSlOM073WrZ_OnfdezO6zKgZh7GrPFz49JJMQ9nTlfBWg-C3JMGKB37F0/s640/ligule.png" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Note the little tag in the gray box? It says it's "Botany"--meaning this is a technical term used in that field. You'll see these from time to time whenever you're looking up a term that's strongly identified in a given area. (They're part of the new release of the upgraded dictionary service, which I'm happy to say was one of the projects I worked on this year.) Try looking up the definitions of <i>amniocentesis, drupe, or fiduciary.</i> You'll see the tags there. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But, while this is a perfectly fine definition, it's kind of lacking something. After I read this, I STILL didn't really know what it was. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So I did an Image search with: </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"> [ ligule diagram ] </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And got these results.... </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRsPpUSejP1LhZobkn8YddDaweTkDZJgDqhgPiaF_lIfNimdUxFE4NqiCfTMjBX5n7tfVhbLSPiYzyRH23-8hHznYe7Ep6q4WyW2a0GQ_De1Aj3W4yzzXD1RqTFI1nxX4ZJ525FjHR3bA/s1600/ligule-diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRsPpUSejP1LhZobkn8YddDaweTkDZJgDqhgPiaF_lIfNimdUxFE4NqiCfTMjBX5n7tfVhbLSPiYzyRH23-8hHznYe7Ep6q4WyW2a0GQ_De1Aj3W4yzzXD1RqTFI1nxX4ZJ525FjHR3bA/s640/ligule-diagram.png" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I was looking for a diagram that shows the <i>ligule</i> in context. What I especially like about this Images results page is that I can see a ligule in both a diagram form (with all the extraneous bits removed) and in an actual picture, so I can see the difference between the diagram and reality. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I ALSO picked up that ligules are relatively common in grasses. They appear on flowering plants as well, just not as often. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To tell the truth, I learned more than that... I also learned that ligules exist in the first place. I'd always assumed that they were just an extra little bit of the leaf sheath--I never dreamed that they'd be an independent part of the plant and used to pin down the identity! </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You never know what you'll pick up along the way. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Search lesson:</b> Using the</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ <topic> diagram ] </topic></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">trick is a great way to see how parts of a larger whole fit into place in context. This is useful for bicycle parts-- </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ bicycle derailleur diagram ]</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">, ships </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ clipper ship sails diagram ]</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">, as well as plants </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ plant ovary diagram ] </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqtJ9qcvLeMA91nyCjO1acuG1nTum8Vk5dC3oZo2poMz2ABULcChJ3BM-xUmJniFyepQNkYdp0bGmo9sNrPY79U5HXoujMPYVnHVXHQ7kfq4x9CaxRlSqoZt35nlhUrcy4gfE0kW3Kf_k/s1600/diagram3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqtJ9qcvLeMA91nyCjO1acuG1nTum8Vk5dC3oZo2poMz2ABULcChJ3BM-xUmJniFyepQNkYdp0bGmo9sNrPY79U5HXoujMPYVnHVXHQ7kfq4x9CaxRlSqoZt35nlhUrcy4gfE0kW3Kf_k/s400/diagram3.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeBT0Na5NBMPyrgIfZezTCJ_TZFpU42y2geDiinZPGhT7ecBLiaiXZFw2Mb4lEBKCVPTuLEwyhd6lwJohpGmXEBZOrXqDAXAaeyJNroFkdN5mfi5o12t9glxvmPVB9TRYEoxG-YtltWh8/s1600/diagram2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeBT0Na5NBMPyrgIfZezTCJ_TZFpU42y2geDiinZPGhT7ecBLiaiXZFw2Mb4lEBKCVPTuLEwyhd6lwJohpGmXEBZOrXqDAXAaeyJNroFkdN5mfi5o12t9glxvmPVB9TRYEoxG-YtltWh8/s400/diagram2.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtphGfqRS-Du3W6Bs35I2ZAQY438VhjZo0YzvxIKkzZGDThOaDiZhkhbEOJGpegojZ3YyDzyw-6c6dkUDTUMoQg3s4m-gEojPpnDCEEons39d6ZtkbwHfBMpip4AgPK7kt_edpCspX28w/s1600/diagram1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtphGfqRS-Du3W6Bs35I2ZAQY438VhjZo0YzvxIKkzZGDThOaDiZhkhbEOJGpegojZ3YyDzyw-6c6dkUDTUMoQg3s4m-gEojPpnDCEEons39d6ZtkbwHfBMpip4AgPK7kt_edpCspX28w/s400/diagram1.png" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thanks, Remmij! </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-5315617617571398502013-08-29T07:07:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.456-07:00Answer: Quickly! Poisonous or not?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">As you can <i>probably </i>tell, I enjoy flowers--especially the local wildflowers that appear everywhere in the Valley and in the woodlands near where I live. </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower1.jpg" width="238" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So when I saw this particular flower, I recognized it instantly as a member of the <i><b>Compositae</b></i> family (this is also known as the <i style="font-weight: bold;">Asteraceae </i>family). That's the family name for flowers that looks like this. This family includes sunflowers, dandelions, asters, and similar flowers. Like this one, they all have multiple flowers in a single disk (botanically "composite").</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">AND (key point) most <i>Compositae</i> flowers and plants are edible; both the leaves, stems, and flowers. Some common edible composite flowering plants are <i>Lactuca sativa </i>(lettuce), <i>Cichorium</i> (chicory), <i>Cynara scolymus</i> (globe artichoke), <i>Helianthus annuus</i> (sunflower), <i> Carthamus tinctorius</i> (safflower) and <i>Helianthus tuberosus </i>(Jerusalem artichoke). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(There are a few <i>Compositae</i> that are poisonous. The most common is probably burdock, <i>Arctium </i>genus, leaves, which can cause a rash. But even then, burdock roots are good to eat, so it's not really toxic, per se.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For background: The name "Asteraceae" comes from Aster, the most prominent genus in the family, that derives from the Greek word meaning star. The flower has a clear star-shape. "Compositae"refers to the fact that the family is one of the few flowering plants that have composite flowers growing tightly side-by-side in a center. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">But our challenge isn't to feel good about what the kid is doing, but to figure out exactly what it is. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower2.jpg" width="238" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">In my case, I'd just turn to one of my plant identification guides such as <i>A field guide to Pacific states wildflowers. </i>These books all have a "key," that is, a linked set of questions about the flower that lead to an identification. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The questions are like this: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">87a. Flowers in racemes, spikes, or solitary. See 88. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">87b. Numerous flowers in heads, sunflower-like. Each flower tubular (some with outer ray flowers). </span><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Compositae. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></b><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In essence, if you answer each question correctly and then follow the numbers, you'll end up at the right flower identification. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In practice, I end up looking up every other word (what's a "raceme"?), and going up and down the tree of questions until I finally get to one that matches all of the test questions. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We don't have time for that here. So... what can we online-searchers do to help? </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are a couple of ways to do this. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>A. Find an online wildflower identification book.</b> Typically these cost some money. As you can imagine, there aren't a lot of free ones available online. There are versions of various field guides that you can buy (say, on iBooks or Google Play). You could then just use them to ID the flower in the normal way. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>B. Search for online wildflower guides specific to the area</b>. This is the approach I took. Knowing that there are a LOT of people (besides me) who want to identify flowers, I did a simple search: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ summer wildflowers bay area ] </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This query brings up a number of resources that seem like they might work. I click on the #1 hit "Summer Wildflowers on Bay Area Trails" that's on a local runner's club website. I figure it's likely that they'll have this flower since (as you can see in the above photo) it grows well at trailside. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(Note that this works well for me since I'm local to the SF Bay area. If you don't live here, or live near another Bay, you'll have to add in something like "SF" or "San Francisco" to get results similar to mine.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">http://runnersfeed.com/summer-wildflowers-on-bay-area-trails/</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sure enough, the 4th flower on their list shows up as <b>Hayfield Tarweed</b> (<i>Hemizonia congesta</i>), and it looks a LOT like the flower above. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's what they show: </span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWNsUJJ8wh4H1lu360hDMNOolFgW8cd_46p2JyP9vPBpvTqhVIz_KktLUJFgwJFPaoIMBgNV6w_yYxWT6RIZA0xFel423IzNOxjEvRITTAdz_G0vOrJC9OBwgX-QrJcp8VhW8QPFVVoM4/s1600/excerpt1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWNsUJJ8wh4H1lu360hDMNOolFgW8cd_46p2JyP9vPBpvTqhVIz_KktLUJFgwJFPaoIMBgNV6w_yYxWT6RIZA0xFel423IzNOxjEvRITTAdz_G0vOrJC9OBwgX-QrJcp8VhW8QPFVVoM4/s640/excerpt1.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">I'll also tell you that these flowers (and leaves) DO smell awfully strong. "Incense" is a nice way to phrase it. It's definitely strong. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">But this little picture isn't quite enough to be sure. So I'll do another search for the Latin name given here, <i>Hemizonia congesta</i>. </span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP588ChJLhNLIbNWofr5w26358-BsGFQmq_tITT1fIybBDXQrco23488sZopru-sIYTJ_dOXqpK-ILFtBoTsaDfd_uIsqImI0Hr8Rm6IZb-PoB5MJdAO9ZwRi8LzsETPgS80LXW5JMxR4/s1600/results1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP588ChJLhNLIbNWofr5w26358-BsGFQmq_tITT1fIybBDXQrco23488sZopru-sIYTJ_dOXqpK-ILFtBoTsaDfd_uIsqImI0Hr8Rm6IZb-PoB5MJdAO9ZwRi8LzsETPgS80LXW5JMxR4/s640/results1.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">As you see, the top 3 results are from the Calflora.org website. I know that Calflora .org is a massive, high-quality database of flowers and plants of California that was originally started by people in the US Forest Service, and also work with the botanists at UC Berkeley. (You can learn this by checking the "history" tab on the Calflora site.) Bottom line: I tend to believe them. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">I start to get worried, though, when I check the Calflora site. When I look at the page for <i><a href="http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=4065" target="_blank">Hemizonia congesta</a></i>, all of the flowers are yellow. Uh oh. Is this NOT the right flower? </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GPsyQWBieJFLELvlTdx01O7u_qd3Kcdpezn6sbdt5gETv2BOGL3ql_iPXVSY7eZRyLNmLCNP0YWukj15jnUAFGYXKljnFc_pdurpLlTqclfJ5pIIKXLxJiXErmCL5W4rCOJugdc-Z-c/s1600/calflora1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GPsyQWBieJFLELvlTdx01O7u_qd3Kcdpezn6sbdt5gETv2BOGL3ql_iPXVSY7eZRyLNmLCNP0YWukj15jnUAFGYXKljnFc_pdurpLlTqclfJ5pIIKXLxJiXErmCL5W4rCOJugdc-Z-c/s640/calflora1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Calflora site. Thanks to them.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;">BUT... </span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">See that link to "more photos on CalFlora" on the lower right? Clicking on that takes me to another entire page of photos of <i>Hemizonia congesta </i>including the white variation. It turns out there are lots of subspecies, with color variation as part of the defining characteristic. </span></span><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">Now we have the answer to the first question: </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;" /></span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1. What is this plant? </span></span></b></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Answer: </b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Hemizonia congesta</i>, the "Hayfield tarweed" in a white subspecies variation. </span><br /><br />Now....<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 1em 20px;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2. Is it poisonous or not? </span></b></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><b>Answer: </b> <b>No, it's not. </b>Rest </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 16.875px;">easy. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">To find out, I did a quick search for: </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ tarweed edibility ] </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">and </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ tarweed poisonous ] </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">to check. The answers come back quickly. Not only is it <b>NOT</b> poisonous, but the local Indians would eat the seeds, aggressively harvesting them in the fall to make pinole. Reading a bit more, I discovered that they also would burn over the fields to ensure good growing conditions for next year. You wouldn't do this if the plant were really poisonous! </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And.. for extra credit... How was tarweed used in early California? As seen, it's clear that they were sought out and harvested for food. So I did two searches to follow up on this. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ tarweed Indians ] </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ tarweed harvesting ] </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ tarweed Indians ]</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">? (As opposed to the more politically correct term "Native Americans"?) Short answer: Because that's where the content is. It's useful to sometimes use older terms when searching. (More on this in another post soon.) </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But in both cases, I was able to find many references to harvesting and preparation of the seeds for food. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One of the loveliest references I could find is a link to this image of a Pomo woman kitted out to collect tarweed. (Although apparently she's ready to collect seeds of the <i>Maida</i> flowers, also called "tarweed," which look, taste and smell very much like <i>Hemizonia</i>.) </span><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.flowersociety.org/images/madia-tarweed_gatherer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://www.flowersociety.org/images/madia-tarweed_gatherer.jpg" width="355" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">This image is: <i>The Tarweed Gatherer</i> by Grace Carpenter Hudson (1865–1937), used with permission of the Grace Hudson Museum, Ukiah, California (<a href="http://www.gracehudsonmuseum.org/">www.gracehudsonmuseum.org</a>).</span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The woman pictured is well-known basketmaker Joseppa Pinto Dick (circa 1860-1905), who was Yokayo Pomo, a Native community southeast of Ukiah.</span></blockquote></td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote class="tr_bq"><br /></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Total search time for me: </i> About 4 minutes (and then an hour to write this up). </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-13416065620489472632013-08-28T06:42:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.557-07:00Wednesday Search Challenge (8/28/13): Quickly! Poisonous or not? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower1.jpg" width="296" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mystery flower. About 0.5" (1.3 cm) across.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Many parents have had this awful moment. Your kid comes in from playing outside and their mouth has little green leaves or petals or white sap from something she's been eating. The thing you need to figure out--<i><b>Quickly!</b></i>--is whether or not it's poisonous. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This time of year a particular flower blooms all over the Valley. You can see it everywhere--open fields, roadsides, anyplace where there's not a lot of water and relatively untended land. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Imagine yourself the parent of a child who comes in carrying this flower, with one half-eaten hanging from her mouth. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>What should you do?</i> </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Today's search challenge is fairly simple: </span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1. What is this plant? </span> </span></b></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>2. Is it poisonous or not? </b></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Since it's a simple enough question, be SURE to time yourself this week. How long would it take you to find the answer? </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let us know in the comments below. Be sure to say HOW you found the answer, and how LONG you took to figure out if your daughter needs to go to the emergency center or not. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on. Quickly!!</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://dmrussell.net/images/SRS/mysteryflower2.jpg" width="296" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mystery flower growing along the edge of the trail.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">P.S. Extra credit, for those of you who found this too easy... Can you find evidence of ways it was used in early California? </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-72294452114469135392013-08-27T06:42:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.656-07:00In-Depth Articles on the Results Page<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Google is now providing (sometimes!) a set of 3 “In-Depth” articles linked in at the bottom of the SERP.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These articles are judged to be “in-depth” by a ranking algorithm that looks at what the article is “about” and judges whether or not it’s of sufficient length (and depth) to be potentially interesting to a searcher. Here's an example of 3 in-depth articles at the bottom of the search for<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>[ global warming ] </b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDXP7JIFoQJPM0WJCQmpjqPicck3kHqVc3IMcBdKPlOFmUta7audPXd3ggki5T9VrNet_c14KiSR1H8mgw9Odw1C5JpJssexBrDk7GU1X5F9sGR54NGGPaJHVSASJ1icqByR5kZoYfhFY/s1600/in-depth-global.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDXP7JIFoQJPM0WJCQmpjqPicck3kHqVc3IMcBdKPlOFmUta7audPXd3ggki5T9VrNet_c14KiSR1H8mgw9Odw1C5JpJssexBrDk7GU1X5F9sGR54NGGPaJHVSASJ1icqByR5kZoYfhFY/s1600/in-depth-global.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And another example of 3 in-depth articles for the search<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>[ cloud computing ] </b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizOObDLRGWlTlEvDY4sfDcjmseRJj2DCbnkOGlkiYO3h3XT2zorqrjnZfAckEQXLccXlew_e8X_8X4o5OZEdT6a7G3yqLeOYMjk6Gbhb6ihBpRwXaNpQyaKJJsStyHksDTnEatpFGCs4Q/s1600/in-depth-cloud.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizOObDLRGWlTlEvDY4sfDcjmseRJj2DCbnkOGlkiYO3h3XT2zorqrjnZfAckEQXLccXlew_e8X_8X4o5OZEdT6a7G3yqLeOYMjk6Gbhb6ihBpRwXaNpQyaKJJsStyHksDTnEatpFGCs4Q/s1600/in-depth-cloud.png" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Some of the judgment about the “in-depth-ness” comes from the way the article is marked up the publisher. (See webmaster notes below.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Of course, as always, the content has to be fairly high quality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Rants and screeds don’t make the grade.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quality of writing, depth of coverage (and a good, nicely crawable image) all help make these articles accessible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At this point, most of the in-depth articles from reasonably trusted sources such as NPR, NYTimes, Forbes, Atlantic, Nature, and so on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This feature has just recently rolled out, so the triggering (that is, when you get the articles at the bottom of the SERP) is a little inconsistent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For instance, some queries trigger, while others don't:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">Not triggering:</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">UC Berkeley, John Brown (abolitionist) , MOOC, information visualization, symphony, computer science, Stanford, UC Berkeley, diabetes, LDL, HDL</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></o:p></span><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">Triggers:</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">San Diego, censorship, Los Angeles, cholesterol, ALS, genetic testing, Yale, Harvard, Woody Harrelson, Hunger Games, economics, biology</span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Of course, this will change over time as more articles are scanned and indexed as “in-depth” on a given search topic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Note that sometimes you have to be a little specific to find these in-depth recommendations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, the query </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ SAT ] </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">doesn’t trigger, but </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ SAT test ] </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And, as always, just because the articles are “in-depth” doesn’t absolve you of the responsibility to read skeptically and fact-check.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These recommendations are just that—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">recommendations</i> of longer-form articles that you, the searcher on that topic, might find interesting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> ______________</span></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝";">For webmasters:</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Be sure to include tags for:</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Headline, AlternativeHeadline, Image, Description, DatePublished, ArticleBody </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Consider implementing an indexable pagination schema (by adding in link tags for </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">rel=next/rel=prev</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/3280182">https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/3280182</a>for guidance about how to mark up YOUR articles so they’d be considered for inclusion.<o:p></o:p></span></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>349</o:Words> <o:Characters>1991</o:Characters> <o:Company>Google</o:Company> <o:Lines>16</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>4</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>2336</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version> 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font-family:Cambria;} </style><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <!--EndFragment--><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-91520853202521693272013-08-23T12:04:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.766-07:00New dictionary service<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="rA0qsb xZbqqd"></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We've talked about using the Google Dictionary in this blog before. It's incredibly useful. Do a query like: </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> [ define water ] </b></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">and you'll get a great definition. (For old-timers, you haven't needed the : after the word "define" for a while now. Time to stop using it!) </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">But we've recently updated this feature on</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> desktop AND mobile to give better, richer information about your word. </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><br /></div><div class="vFgtwf">Try this: </div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> [ define mellifluous ] </b></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVM2LVIKMQxlOboRp86q1cm4N5qOP61q1AMtEmEks7mbjIrE_1IihNIiC5Io_sk-G-q8hoFZO6AdH58EUFyWOLN9zyBDydtiGofTSnNULy-Q0jpMGQifwGh0TuPMNm4-ALDcUp9aF_0Bc/s1600/define1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVM2LVIKMQxlOboRp86q1cm4N5qOP61q1AMtEmEks7mbjIrE_1IihNIiC5Io_sk-G-q8hoFZO6AdH58EUFyWOLN9zyBDydtiGofTSnNULy-Q0jpMGQifwGh0TuPMNm4-ALDcUp9aF_0Bc/s1600/define1.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="vFgtwf"><br /></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">BUT... notice the big downward-pointing chevron? Click on THAT and you'll see a bunch of newer information including an etymology and a word-usage graph. </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoDXuY3fNPJhN9NFiEG3F-3GYPYv4ZB0y0i9RXDASgzBTWVMgnuDWGMPKstSkJjSqg3LZr5dhZ7bur9e0ZVadRZHnRQKkwQpHjO2OnqmnYYo840WJN8ez48vqMse4XRYNRUlZRBSZYzE/s1600/define2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoDXuY3fNPJhN9NFiEG3F-3GYPYv4ZB0y0i9RXDASgzBTWVMgnuDWGMPKstSkJjSqg3LZr5dhZ7bur9e0ZVadRZHnRQKkwQpHjO2OnqmnYYo840WJN8ez48vqMse4XRYNRUlZRBSZYzE/s1600/define2.png" /></a></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The word usage data comes from the NGram corpus (English words in books going back to the 1800s), and the etymological information comes from Oxford. </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Now... If you tap the microphone when doing this search, you’ll hear answers spoken back when you ask questions like “What’s the definition of fortuitous?” and “What are synonyms for fortuitous?” Or "What is the etymology of water?" </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />You can also translate to one of many different languages, including translations of ALL the word senses. </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73hRiUXejOBGldGkWABVnk30oSa_AbYysDLdcatDGrfPiX4l4fJqd6E01RB5hQ6Z1HKBa5sJrRRqNEJQvuZGZLIoqNVWAZYhUpsJ_BR6Rrm9c20OyGH08eyJfDS67o0DLPLvOl2mxLu0/s1600/define3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73hRiUXejOBGldGkWABVnk30oSa_AbYysDLdcatDGrfPiX4l4fJqd6E01RB5hQ6Z1HKBa5sJrRRqNEJQvuZGZLIoqNVWAZYhUpsJ_BR6Rrm9c20OyGH08eyJfDS67o0DLPLvOl2mxLu0/s400/define3.png" width="307" /></a></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>DEFINITELY</b> worth knowing about. </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on. </span></div><div class="vFgtwf"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-19419539234067849852013-08-22T06:12:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.877-07:00Answer: Masons, Presidents, and Star Wars? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7oa9KxnStB0vkSFl0BzF6ofeqGNL8S6JODxBnQlbUaRP9ROkR7QM5zFBQEqZ5adKt_7ctUKfnjjtudaN3Jqe8R8Xq3xsCjMO6nPhvb-eAlMXU8AbG-VkjgTqJhNRpAfs3vwK3E2GtO1Q/s1600/masonic-symbols.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #336699; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7oa9KxnStB0vkSFl0BzF6ofeqGNL8S6JODxBnQlbUaRP9ROkR7QM5zFBQEqZ5adKt_7ctUKfnjjtudaN3Jqe8R8Xq3xsCjMO6nPhvb-eAlMXU8AbG-VkjgTqJhNRpAfs3vwK3E2GtO1Q/s400/masonic-symbols.png" style="border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 4px;" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">So...</span></b> this was fun, yes? <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As many readers pointed out, a fairly simple search for: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> [ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333;">us presidents African Inland Mission at Kijabe ] </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br />leads to the Billy Graham Archives at Wheaton.edu suggesting it was Theodore Roosevelt who visited the African Inland Mission. A quick check to see if Roosevelt was a Mason: </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; line-height: 16.875px;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Roosevelt Mason ] </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">quickly confirmed that fact. (Lots of sites, non-redundant versions of the information, including several authoritative sites.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, did he lay the cornerstone at the Kijabe African Inland Mission? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Roosevelt Kijabe cornerstone ]</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">takes me to a NYTimes article (Aug 5, 1909) saying that he laid the stone the day before (with son Kermit... imagine.. a time when the name Kermit was a serious male name!). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By poking around a bit, I found a pretty informative photo of the stone itself: </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/3175050.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/3175050.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I found this by just looking up Kijabe, Kenya in Google Maps, then turning on the Photos option (bottom right of the Maps UI). This option shows photos contributed (and geolocated) by Panaramio. </span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSRtPHBlDgQPt-iK1mCg5b_zRBVfi9fKFk_nmZwBjcAxU_Xl345bPL81unu0ucOA-sAke8dk5PstIQa1Cy8DhyT2Jm6rSrEtoTMzbQJgrR5-5AUrx94zDvrNRWU9muqWbgE0nH3LuH-9U/s1600/Kijabe-cornerstone.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSRtPHBlDgQPt-iK1mCg5b_zRBVfi9fKFk_nmZwBjcAxU_Xl345bPL81unu0ucOA-sAke8dk5PstIQa1Cy8DhyT2Jm6rSrEtoTMzbQJgrR5-5AUrx94zDvrNRWU9muqWbgE0nH3LuH-9U/s640/Kijabe-cornerstone.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">From Google Maps with photos turned on. <a href="http://goo.gl/bV6cSB" target="_blank">Link</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, can we find a picture of Roosevelt laying this stone? Sure. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Just redoing the first search in Google Images yields this image from the Wheaton Archives. </span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/images/PFs/Missions--Kenya/001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="466" src="http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/images/PFs/Missions--Kenya/001.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">From: <a href="http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/docs/Roosevelt-AIM2.htm">http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/docs/Roosevelt-AIM2.htm</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">NOW... </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What large building has a Star Wars character sculpted on it? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Regular Reader Ramón has a great suggestion for a query: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px;"> [ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333;">teddy roosevelt cornerstone starwars carved ] </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">This worked really well, but for an interesting reason. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">Here's the best result on the page in response to Ramón's query: </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjro_r7abOIwr0CekBbNSz9yteL0sGEaRJ-qjzEIhXKdUNJJshVRuxDzIyxasVlGEtVTLYfd2siHhR3qvSX-LoagNJomEFSKxV9JDieMgcH0MqeBacY7QS72cnf70cVRzzgj6QuxelE6Jw/s1600/result1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjro_r7abOIwr0CekBbNSz9yteL0sGEaRJ-qjzEIhXKdUNJJshVRuxDzIyxasVlGEtVTLYfd2siHhR3qvSX-LoagNJomEFSKxV9JDieMgcH0MqeBacY7QS72cnf70cVRzzgj6QuxelE6Jw/s1600/result1.png" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">Note that the search word "teddy" was synonymized to "Theodore" and that "carving" was changed to "carvings." If you run this query, you'll also note that "starwars" gets converted to "Star Wars." This is a nice example of Google's synonymization system helping out. (And remember that if you REALLY want "teddy" you'll have to put it in quotes. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">If you used Control-F on the Wikipedia article and looked-for "Star" you'd find that the National Cathedral has a grotesque carving of the Star Wars character Darth Vader on the northwest tower. </span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/17i2ha1a0q4ezjpg/original.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="360" src="http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/17i2ha1a0q4ezjpg/original.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">This beautiful side-by-side is from <a href="http://io9.com/5897894/darth-vaders-helmet-is-hidden-on-the-washington-national-cathedral" target="_blank">iO9</a>. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">And yes, Roosevelt laid the cornerstone for the National Cathedral. To find an image of that, you could do a search like: </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">theodore roosevelt national cathedral cornerstone ] </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">and then search through the photos to find one at the American Institute of Architects. (AIA) </span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="316" src="http://info.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek07/0720/0720n_cathedral3_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From http://info.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek07/0720/0720n_cathedral.cfm</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://info.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek07/0720/0720n_cathedral3_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 16.875px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">Or.. you could use the approach that Regular Reader Jon (the Unknown) followed. He did a search for the <i>date</i> of the cornerstone laying: </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;"> [ </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">[September 29, 1907 roosevelt ] </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.875px;">and found this image on the Cathedral's website: </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.nationalcathedral.org/presidents/images/gallery/1907_09_29_troosevelt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="343" src="http://www.nationalcathedral.org/presidents/images/gallery/1907_09_29_troosevelt.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's pretty clearly the same event--the laying of the cornerstone by Roosevelt before a crowd of 10,000 people. (Remember, this was in the days before amplification. A politician had to have a strong voice to be heard.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1. Which US president was this?<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Answer: Theodore Roosevelt, on August 4, 1909. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">2.</span><span style="color: #660000;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;">Can you find a picture of him laying the cornerstone of the Mission </span><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">and</span> </i><span style="color: #660000;">can you find a picture of him laying the cornerstone of</span><span style="color: #660000;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;">the building with the Star Wars character?</span><span style="color: #660000;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Answer: See above. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3. (Extra credit) Which direction is the Star Wars character looking? </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now that we know that Darth Vader is on the NW tower, which direction is he <i>looking</i> from the NW tower? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I was hoping that the cathedral would have something about the Darth Vader sculpture (called a "grotesque"), so I did this search: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ site:nationalcathedral.org Darth Vader ] </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(possibly the oddest combination of search terms EVER!)... but was rewarded with a lovely <a href="http://www.nationalcathedral.org/pdfs/darth.pdf" target="_blank">PDF file that gives the following directions</a> to seeing Darth Vader: "...to find Darth Vader, you have to leave the building through the ramp entrance... go down the ramp, step onto the grass to your right. Turn around and look up at the tower." </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's even a spotting guide that locates the grotesque on the tower near the top. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Cathedral also has an interactive "Gargoyle Spotting Map" </span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj231mZQHomou4HsLzYWAUp0S82xBCEmnnPj93q8Gw-2FOG_GR-0Q6oq6ZJUE2faH7sxpDu0lfCadt8cF-RHcR-GTYjhyphenhyphenr8H8V78lvrKYWkmtK9x9ivzMJu2jmLO9nh-3sgso4PfMUgrto/s1600/gargolye-map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj231mZQHomou4HsLzYWAUp0S82xBCEmnnPj93q8Gw-2FOG_GR-0Q6oq6ZJUE2faH7sxpDu0lfCadt8cF-RHcR-GTYjhyphenhyphenr8H8V78lvrKYWkmtK9x9ivzMJu2jmLO9nh-3sgso4PfMUgrto/s640/gargolye-map.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://gargoyles.cathedral.org/gargoyle/indexA.php">http://gargoyles.cathedral.org/gargoyle/indexA.php</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By looking at the diagrams and external photography of the Cathedral, it's not hard to determine that Darth is heading at a 45 degree angle to the <strike>northern</strike> <b>eastern</b> face of the building on the NW tower. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I draw out that line from the map, it looks pretty much as though he's staring directly <strike>northwest</strike> <b>northeast</b> <strike>and maybe a touch W-by-NW.</strike> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLzFFhaG-tx4_Z4HYMIRYC4wHykJJ8B8U7K1Dr9Gw5qaNpzoy4eCpeQI5LjrfUryi-H2CWDk1s4OU_a1WEH_z7L11zpSEER7z9WxbUjmWXWcXl9GohdzW4gj8jns7d0ddb_sYAzrbOnok/s1600/Darth-sight-line.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLzFFhaG-tx4_Z4HYMIRYC4wHykJJ8B8U7K1Dr9Gw5qaNpzoy4eCpeQI5LjrfUryi-H2CWDk1s4OU_a1WEH_z7L11zpSEER7z9WxbUjmWXWcXl9GohdzW4gj8jns7d0ddb_sYAzrbOnok/s640/Darth-sight-line.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Darth Vader grotesque is on the eastern face of the northwest tower<br />of the National Cathedral. This is his sight-line from his perch. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Search lesson: </b>Any one step of this challenge wasn't that hard, but linking them all together is a bit of work. I also appreciated Jon's use of a date in a search (when you really know the date) to look for images of that event. Ramón's clever search for ALL of the terms let him zero in on the target quickly. (Although you have to be ready to accept that this didn't work, and incrementally remove terms if your search is overconstrained.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And lastly, integrating across all of the information sources let us determine where Darth Vader is on the cathedral, and in which direction he's facing. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16.890625px; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Search on! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">___________________</span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>UPDATE: Aug 22, 6:55AM PDT.</b> Jon (the Unknown) found that I'd made a rotation error. Darth is looking <i>northeast</i>, not <i>northwest</i> as I'd said earlier. My error. I've updated the text above. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-38036983475596396672013-08-21T05:53:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:43.999-07:00Wednesday search challenge (8/21/13): Masons, presidents, and Star Wars?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7oa9KxnStB0vkSFl0BzF6ofeqGNL8S6JODxBnQlbUaRP9ROkR7QM5zFBQEqZ5adKt_7ctUKfnjjtudaN3Jqe8R8Xq3xsCjMO6nPhvb-eAlMXU8AbG-VkjgTqJhNRpAfs3vwK3E2GtO1Q/s1600/masonic-symbols.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7oa9KxnStB0vkSFl0BzF6ofeqGNL8S6JODxBnQlbUaRP9ROkR7QM5zFBQEqZ5adKt_7ctUKfnjjtudaN3Jqe8R8Xq3xsCjMO6nPhvb-eAlMXU8AbG-VkjgTqJhNRpAfs3vwK3E2GtO1Q/s400/masonic-symbols.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">W</span></b>hile reading about US presidents the other day I was struck by how many of them were Masons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One president in particular caught my eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As ex-president, he visited Nairobi and participated in laying the cornerstone of the African Inland Mission at Kijabe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Meanwhile, only</span> two years earlier, he laid the cornerstone of a rather large building back in the US. Curiously, that building now has a Star Wars character carved in stone on one of its towers!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Can you figure out: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Which US president was this? <o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">2.</span><span style="color: #660000;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;">Can you find a picture of him laying the cornerstone of the Mission </span><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">and</span> </i><span style="color: #660000;">can you find a picture of him laying the cornerstone of</span><span style="color: #660000;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;">the building with the Star Wars character?</span><span style="color: #660000;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><b>3. (Extra credit) Which direction is the Star Wars character looking? </b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Search on! </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">(This is a just-for-fun search 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/></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-84304034858505107602013-08-16T15:31:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:44.107-07:00Answer: Can you find a Victorian domestic scene of music AND (science OR magic)? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjveZvFZU-vCJhdhRxKWn2_TRZKvb9mEs66BWy6eaD71DBeM8Oej4bsNpt0gzr22X7me2jnr_a8y2SEYlR3D5PYYNA7eXggMM1GVGysWCnrMgLh4YkO_lW3odiGD5NyahYVdZYGP7q4Isw/s1600/home-sweet-home.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjveZvFZU-vCJhdhRxKWn2_TRZKvb9mEs66BWy6eaD71DBeM8Oej4bsNpt0gzr22X7me2jnr_a8y2SEYlR3D5PYYNA7eXggMM1GVGysWCnrMgLh4YkO_lW3odiGD5NyahYVdZYGP7q4Isw/s640/home-sweet-home.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now THIS was a difficult challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recall that Nell’s original question was to find:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>“…find a description, program, or announcement for a meeting that took place in someone's home combining singing with science or magic in London from 1835-45…” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nell worked on this question for a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here’s how she describes finding the answer:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I started by searching the British Library http://www.bl.uk/ for the category [Popular science British nineteenth century ] The third result, Science in the Marketplace (2008) looked likeliest, so I clicked on details to see its contents. It's a collection of papers, and James Secord's chapter "How Scientific Conversation Became Shop Talk" looked good. Though I read it in hard copy, it's also available online -- See: <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/25593874">http://www.jstor.org/stable/25593874</a><br /><o:p> </o:p>In his article, Secord mentioned <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Somerville" target="_blank">Mary Somerville</a></b> and social gatherings in her home that hosted many soirees dealing with science. They belonged to a circle of “learned couples who became central to metropolitan science…” That’s a great lead. </span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I noticed that this article also mentions that the books of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Augustus_Henry_Sala" target="_blank">George Augustus Sala</a></b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Richard Doyle</b> gave a broad view of mid-Victorian London society, with “At Home” musical evenings; political banquets, art sales, clubland dinners and so forth. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Doyle created a wonderful engraving of “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Conversazione: Science and Art</i>” (in his book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://archive.org/details/birdseyeviewsofs00doyl" target="_blank">Bird’s Eye Views of Society</a></i>(1864), p 45) showing a room packed with “all kinds of novel, curious interesting and instructive objects” such as telescopes and diving bells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustration/doyle/29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" height="386" src="http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustration/doyle/29.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;">“</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;">Conversazione: Science and Art</i><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;">” (in his book, </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;">Bird’s Eye Views of Society</i><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;"> (1864), p 45, by R. Doyle. <a href="http://www.victorianweb.org/art/illustration/doyle/29.jpg" target="_blank">Link to image on the VictorianWeb</a>.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nell continues… <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So I looked to see if Mary Somerville had memoirs. I found an edition that works here by searching for "Mary Somerville Recollections." (Which I had picked up from the Secord paper.) Eventually I found her daughter's "<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PZYEAAAAYAAJ&dq=Recollections%20Mary%20Somerville&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q=Recollections%20Mary%20Somerville&f=false" target="_blank">Personal Recollections of Mary Somerville</a>" from 1872 on Google Books.<br /><o:p> </o:p></span></blockquote><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I searched inside of that book for "music" and found accounts of Mary's musical education in Edinburgh (4-5h of practice in the mornings, fashionable composers like Pleyel, Clementi, Mozart and Beethoven), of her adult musical taste (Italian), and finally, of evening entertainments with her friends at home in Hanover Square, London:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /> </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>"Somerville and I used frequently to spend the evening with Captain and Mrs. Kater. Dr. Wollaston, Dr. Young, and others we are generally of the party; sometimes we had music, for Captain and Mrs. Kater sang very prettily. All kinds of scientific subjects were discussed, experiments tried and astronomical observations made in a little garden in front of the house." (67). </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I went back to the Secord article, and found the initial reference to Mary Somerville. That was by Charles Caldwell, in his <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oQgJAAAAIAAJ&dq=Autobiography%20Charles%20Caldwell&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q=Autobiography%20Charles%20Caldwell&f=false" target="_blank">autobiography</a> from 1855, available on Google Books. The other women mentioned in the gathering of intellectual women that impressed him are Mrs. Fry, Miss Edgeworth and her sisters, and Elizabeth Lamb. I searched each of them for memoirs that mentioned Mary Somerville. Volume two of Maria Edgeworth's "Life and Letters" had six hits for Somerville, however, some of the pages were not included in the preview, but which included promising things like "party." Since there were only six results for "Somerville," I found it easiest to see how things fit together by clicking "see all" and "order by pages." This let me figure out that there were three pages in a row on Mrs. Somerville, and that the Katers, who appeared on page 74, might be connected to the evening party on page 76, which wasn't available. Searching the book for "Kater" somehow made that page visible, and described a party that took place on April 5, 1822 (the yesterday of April 6, when the letter was written) during which Mrs. Kater sang and played Handel.<br /> <o:p> </o:p></span></blockquote><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p>Though we don't know that Mrs. Kater sang Handel at one of the scientific and musical evenings mentioned by Mary Somerville in her Recollections, we have an idea of what those evening parties looked like, and what the repertoire could have been, as well as a date for residence in Hanover Square and association with the Katers. Searching for [ Captain Kater Mrs ] brings up Francis Trollope's "Life and Literary Works" vol III, which mentions a Captain Kater dying in April of 1835. The next result is for the wikipedia article on "Henry Kater," a physician who was in London at the right time. Searching for "Henry Kater 1835" brings up genealogy results and biographies, which include his wife's name (Mary Frances Reeve) and her death in 1833. I used the <a href="http://www.wickersleyweb.co.uk/hist/hkater.htm" target="_blank">result from the village of Wickersley website</a>, which was held by Mrs. Kater's family. From all that, we know that the gathering with the Katers that involved telescopes and singing couldn't have happened after 1833, and that it probably happened in the 1820s, which is when Mrs. Somerville and her family lived in London as well and when Maria Edgeworth spent time with them.<br /> <o:p> </o:p></span></blockquote><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p>The result isn't exactly what I started out looking for, but it's close enough to do. The other result that I came up with that was slightly wrong, but close enough, described a gathering of scientists at Cambridge in honor of Mrs. Somerville in 1834 which included musical festivities. I found that reference through the hard copy of Elizabeth Patterson's "Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science" (1983) and the <a href="https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/" target="_blank">online database of Charles Darwin'scorrespondence</a>. <span style="font-size: x-small;">[Dan: It's worth knowing that Mary Somerville was the author of a book on Physical Geography that Darwin recommended to friends.] </span><br /> <o:p> </o:p></span></blockquote><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p><o:p> </o:p>My next step is to determine exactly when she lived in Hanover Square, and then look for gossip in newspapers as well as searching for other memoirs and letters by her acquaintances to back it up </span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpARz8ja1w_soTNrWJsBkPC6OhGn3h9s8XyITOKYX6F_SXDSfriaALTjErh7CiYMePerHSaozB9pSTuV9uiVuyiJXDtAxj6Ob8xDYAjlzoO3xqv0oB11UUNUmy9TTbzT4b6TJcZvJVDk8/s1600/Victorian-music-at-home.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpARz8ja1w_soTNrWJsBkPC6OhGn3h9s8XyITOKYX6F_SXDSfriaALTjErh7CiYMePerHSaozB9pSTuV9uiVuyiJXDtAxj6Ob8xDYAjlzoO3xqv0oB11UUNUmy9TTbzT4b6TJcZvJVDk8/s400/Victorian-music-at-home.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ecstatic experience of playing the piano, or is it the arsenic?</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->When I followed Nell's approach, I was happy to find the same books and discover the most remarkable texts... Mary wrote: </span></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“It was a great amusement … to arrange the minerals we had collected during our journey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our cabinet was now very rich…. With crystals of sapphire, ruby, oriental topaz, amethyst, &c., &c.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somerville used to analyze mineral with the blowpipe, which I never did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One evening, when he [ Mr. Somerville ] was so occupied, I was playing the piano, when suddenly I fainted… a thing I had never done such a thing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Turns out the mineral Mr. Somerville was analyzed contained arsenic, causing poor Mary to faint on the piano bench."</span></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“..I could play long pieces of music on the piano without the book, and I never forget my mathematical formulae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In looking over one of my MSS., which I had not seen for forty years, I at once recognized the formulae for computing the secular inequalities of the moon.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /> 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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <!--EndFragment--></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My approach:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By contrast with Nell's method, I started by looking for diaries: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ london diarists OR diaries OR diary music science OR magic 1835..1845 ] </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This search gave me a possible lead. I found the <a href="http://www.nypl.org/archives/4138" target="_blank">A’Becket family diaries and prompt books</a> (they were a t</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">heatrical family in London 1840—1890) </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">a</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">t the New York Public library.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There's possibly something in there, but the contents are not digitized, just the metadata. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking back at the results, I spotted another possible lead: <a href="http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-lovelace-notes.html" target="_blank">A </a><a href="http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-lovelace-notes.html" target="_blank">Yale publication about Ada Lovelace</a> and where women published scientific articles in the mid-1800s. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This web page includes: “At a tea party one afternoon, she recalled years later, young Mary Fairfax had been given a ladies' fashion magazine that contained a puzzle, the answer to which was given in strange symbols. These symbols turned out to be algebra. And that magazine became her introduction to the world of Euclidean geometry and number.” Can’t date that precisely, but it seems to be mid-19th-century, right around the desired dates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Checking the various biographies of Ada Lovelace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s clear that she attended musical concerts and scientific lectures, but I haven’t yet been able to place any of these events in the home, nor all at the same time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I continued reading various biographies of Lovelace (also known as Lord Byron’s daughter) until I found the book “<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Charles-Babbage-Countess-Patricia-Warrick/dp/1425983111" target="_blank">Charles Babbage and theCountess</a>” (by Patricia Warrick).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a novelization of Ada’s life, but in it I found a detail:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Babbage and Lovelace met on June 5, 1833 at a party at the Duke of Somerset’s house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The relevant bit here is that at this event there was definitely music, definitely science, and definitely math.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, alas, no program or announcement that I could find.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I then tried the query: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[ Victorian London "at home" music OR musical ] </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(The quoted phrase "at home" was something I'd seen used a few times in Victorian writing, often quoted in the various letters as in <i>Thank you for the "At Home" time with you... ) </i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I did this query, I quickly came upon the <a href="http://www.victorianweb.org/" target="_blank">VictorianWeb’s</a> chapter about “<a href="http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/dbscott/11.html" target="_blank">Music and Social Class in Victorian London</a>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This article describes the shift from music-in-the-home (performed by amateurs) to professional-music (performed in music halls and similar) during the latter part of the 1800s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Music at home, with discussions of science and/or magic (especially the then-popular version of spiritualism that was a craze at the time), seem to have been inevitable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Another approach came from my colleague Dan Brickley, who told me that: </b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My first thought was to find some Victorian occultist who matched queries for music/singing. The name "Madame Blavatsky" came to mind. A plain old search for her name led me to <a href="http://www.nndb.com/people/310/000033211/">http://www.nndb.com/people/310/000033211/</a>which has multiple mentions of music/piano. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span>So then I switched to Books search. In order to improve my search experience, I switched to expert search and restricted to matches with full view available. <span style="font-size: x-small;"> [Dan: A handy trick indeed.] </span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I didn't find a domestic scene yet by following the Madame Blavatsky angle, and the dates are a bit later than the original post requested, but something like this method seems promising to me:</span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First, find the likely entities (people, places, events of the time) then look for books that talk about them...</span> </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">[Dan: Emphasis mine.] </span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By following this tactic (identify a person of the time, then do queries with that person included), I did this query: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> [ Charles Darwin music home ] </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo41iMtXSB6Nhyj443hqvMeBX4EYVffXbSH0LyXygn_W1C77NlT-cKECMdW4kNUaCznMT1mx1yDsFYzM4NbnhyphenhyphenJ0FmOzpelwMDdGLZkyOO3kEPUg66JLDFTu2MX98-4-acovGoNxwrpsA/s1600/Victorian-Charles-Darwin.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo41iMtXSB6Nhyj443hqvMeBX4EYVffXbSH0LyXygn_W1C77NlT-cKECMdW4kNUaCznMT1mx1yDsFYzM4NbnhyphenhyphenJ0FmOzpelwMDdGLZkyOO3kEPUg66JLDFTu2MX98-4-acovGoNxwrpsA/s320/Victorian-Charles-Darwin.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Big tip:</b> Look for someone famous from that same time.<br />In this case, I'm using Charles Darwin. </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">and found in the book, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xDKUnXNWZqoC&pg=PT402&dq=charles+darwin+music+home&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZwOUoWuI6PwyQGQ1YA4&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=charles%20darwin%20music%20home&f=false" target="_blank">Life and Letters of Charles Darwin</a> that he had "...acquired a strong taste for music...sometimes hiring chorister boys to sing my rooms." His friends knew he loved music, but was not especially musical. So they'd play a game and have him identify tunes that they played such as "God Save the King." For all of Darwin's gifts, apparently he wasn't a natural musician. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Point is, this strategy worked quite quickly to locate a co-mention of music and domestic life. Since this is Darwin we're talking about, there's no doubt that scientific talk entered into these scenes of music + science at his Cambridge rooms while he was there (1828-1831). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Finally, I then asked my friend (and the author/curator of the Victorian Web, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Landow for how he would approach this problem.</b><b> </b></span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He wrote with this sage advice: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Ask your readers to consider where similar images of music and science in the home might appear today, and then ask them to think of the equivalents. For example, in 2013 we’d think of People, other magazines, blogs, Facebook, and so on.<br /> <o:p> </o:p>What were the Victorian equivalents? Answer: Illustrated periodicals (e.g., Illustrated London News, The Graphic, Punch, Fun)<br /><o:p> </o:p></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p>Consider also searching Victorian-age books about such subjects: music and magic at home. Think also about using a term of art at the time—“sheet music”</span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p>Then there are genre paintings of life at home. It’s useful to know that there are one or two painters who specialize in scenes along the lines of what you seek."</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is great search advice. As we've discussed before, put yourself in the mind of the writer. What would they write? And where would they publish it? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So… I have found the Illustrated London News and magazines such as Punch online. My next task is to browse through them looking for images of domestic tranquility with music and/or science and/or magic going on simultaneously. But I've run out of time for this today. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Search Lessons:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>1.</b></span> Foremost, as Nell says herself, while she began this quest looking for documentation from a very specific time (1835—1845), she was satisfied with material from a time very nearby, but not exact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><b>This kind of search revision happens all the time</b></i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As you search, you learn more and more about the topic at hand, often causing a modification in the definition of the original goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, this kind of thing happens to reference librarians all the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A patron might really want something from this exact date, but ends up learning that an ever better example can be found on a different date (say, 3 years earlier).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>2.</b><b> </b></span> A good strategy is to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><b>fix as much as you can, then search</b></i>. In this case, choosing a particular person (e.g., Mary Sommerville or Ada Lovelace or Madame Blavatsky) gives your searches a certain grounding in that time and place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another version of this would be to examine the archives of a particular museum dedicated to Victorian London, or an archive that specializes in the location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">3.</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Looking for equivalents between now and then</i> </b>often leads to insights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Landow’s suggestion of finding the illustrated periodicals of the time is brilliant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It still requires looking through a lot of content, but doing it online in your home is much faster than going to London and searching through materials manually.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(That’s not to say that original archival searches aren’t valuable or necessary—it’s just a good idea to check the online materials FIRST before you go!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />Whew!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">That’s a bit long for a blog post, but I hope you’ve enjoyed the search.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We didn’t <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quite</i>get what Nell was looking for, but we got very close, and learned a few new search methods besides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I’m still searching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I get a great hit, I’ll post it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(And if you find one, let me know so we can share.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>1835</o:Words> <o:Characters>10463</o:Characters> 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table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <!--EndFragment--><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1071056363148061963.post-52397147883504864752013-08-15T14:23:00.000-07:002013-10-16T01:40:44.217-07:00Not an answer... yet... Wednesday Search Challenge (8/14/13): Can you find a Victorian domestic scene with music AND (science OR magic)?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgph1KvpxuuKs1u6EQcMh43JRWxEuC0Sr2AL-Tl0mLwoEzccaIhhSQNmrtSWE4t_BwVi5eABaX59UEUYsA1ce31tr_JaTmvDnkbdhVz-tq6CzNqU7zQ2vARJa7ZUJCQqM8Blsw65VbbvMw/s1600/home-sweet-home.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgph1KvpxuuKs1u6EQcMh43JRWxEuC0Sr2AL-Tl0mLwoEzccaIhhSQNmrtSWE4t_BwVi5eABaX59UEUYsA1ce31tr_JaTmvDnkbdhVz-tq6CzNqU7zQ2vARJa7ZUJCQqM8Blsw65VbbvMw/s640/home-sweet-home.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">No answer... yet... </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I'm going to hold off on answering this just to give everyone a chance to try it for themselves. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It really is fairly difficult, and I've posted noticed on G+ and Facebook, hoping that a few of my Victoriana-literate friends would chime in with suggestions on how to answer such questions. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Keep searching! </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14419932189443837882noreply@blogger.com0